The cost of vision loss in Canada. 2. Results

Cruess, Alan F.; Gordon, Keith; Bellan, Lorne; Mitchell, Scott G.; Pezzullo, M Lynne

doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2011.06.006

Cited by 77 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…At the onset of VI&B, the two major contributors to direct medical costs are hospitalisations and costs due to the increased use of medical services around diagnosis and treatment 18 19 21 22 28 31. Costs related to the recurrent hospitalisations and ongoing but less frequent use of medical services remain major cost components in persons with VI&B in the long term.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic burden of visual impairment and blindness: a systematic review

et al. 2013

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ObjectivesVisual impairment and blindness (VI&B) cause a considerable and increasing economic burden in all high-income countries due to population ageing. Thus, we conducted a review of the literature to better understand all relevant costs associated with VI&B and to develop a multiperspective overview.DesignSystematic review: Two independent reviewers searched the relevant literature and assessed the studies for inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as quality.Eligibility criteria for included studiesInterventional, non-interventional and cost of illness studies, conducted prior to May 2012, investigating direct and indirect costs as well as intangible effects related to visual impairment and blindness were included.MethodsWe followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement approach to identify the relevant studies. A meta-analysis was not performed due to the variability of the reported cost categories and varying definition of visual impairment.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included. Hospitalisation and use of medical services around diagnosis and treatment at the onset of VI&B were the largest contributor to direct medical costs. The mean annual expenses per patient were found to be US$ purchasing power parities (PPP) 12 175–14 029 for moderate visual impairment, US$ PPP 13 154–16 321 for severe visual impairment and US$ PPP 14 882–24 180 for blindness, almost twofold the costs for non-blind patients. Informal care was the major contributor to other direct costs, with the time spent by caregivers increasing from 5.8 h/week (or US$ PPP 263) for persons with vision >20/32 up to 94.1 h/week (or US$ PPP 55 062) for persons with vision ≤20/250. VI&B caused considerable indirect costs due to productivity losses, premature mortality and dead-weight losses.ConclusionsVI&B cause a considerable economic burden for affected persons, their caregivers and society at large, which increases with the degree of visual impairment. This review provides insight into the distribution of costs and the economic impact of VI&B.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic burden of visual impairment and blindness: a systematic review

et al. 2013

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“…17 The cost of vision loss in Canada was estimated to be close to $16 billion in 2007. 18 Bisphosphonate-induced uveitis and scleritis are potentially reversible conditions, if there is early intervention by an ophthalmologist. Although the absolute number of cases of uveitis and scleritis in this study was small, the true number of such cases among bisphosphonate users may be clinically important, given that about 5 million prescriptions for bisphosphonates are filled each year in Canada.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory ocular adverse events with the use of oral bisphosphonates: a retrospective cohort study

Etminan

Forooghian

Maberley

2012

CMAJ

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“…When cataracts are left untreated, the relatives of the patients, and eventually, society as a whole, face economic and moral burdens (13) . It has been calculated that blindness and visual impairment constitute a financial burden of 15-73 billion US dollars per year (28,29) . According to the data from the TSI, 42.4% of all the disabled peo ple in Turkey have a disability rate of 70% or more.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic status of severely disabled and visually impaired elderly people in Turkey

Kıvanç¹,

Budak²,

Olcaysu³

et al. 2016

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Purpose: To identify the prevalence of ophthalmologic diseases in elderly patients who had been classified as severely disabled and to identify the ophthalmologic conditions leading to visual impairment and blindness. Methods: The medical records of 2806 patients who had applied to the Health Board of the Erzurum Region Training and Research Hospital between January 2011 and December 2012 were reviewed. One hundred ninety-nine patients aged >64 years who were classified as severely disabled with disability rates of over 50%, and who were unable to care for themselves or to move and/or communicate without help were included in the study. Results:The most frequently seen disabilities were neurological (47.2%) and those resulting from eye diseases (17.1%). The most common ophthalmologic diseases were cataract, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. The mean right and left eye visual acuities were 1.17 ± 1.10 logMAR and 1.13 ± 1.0 logMAR, respectively. Of the 60 patients with ophthalmologic diseases or conditions, 33 were blind (visual acuity worse than 20/400) and 10 were visually impaired (visual acuity worse than 20/70 but better than 20/400). Cataracts were the main cause of blindness. The mean age of the patients who were still being followed up at the time of application to the disability board was significantly lower than that of the others (p=0.015). Seventy-nine percent of the blind patients were from rural areas, and 88% of these had no regular follow-up. Among the blind and visually impaired, significantly more patients from urban areas had social security insurance (SSI) than those from rural areas (p=0.043). Nearly 64% of the blind patients were women. The follow-up rate was significantly lower in women (p=0.025). According to multinomial logistic regression analysis, the visually impaired and blind patients were more likely to have lower follow-up rates than the other types of severely disabled patients (OR: 0.231, 95% Cl: 0.077-0.688, p=0.009). Conclusions: Blindness gives rise to severe disability, and the most common ophthalmologic diseases that cause severe disabilities in elderly patients are ca taract, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Sociodemographic factors that may affect the accessibility of visually impaired and blind people to health services include their place of residence and gender. (OR: 0,231, 95% Cl: 0,0770,688, e p=0,009

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The cost of vision loss in Canada. 2. Results

Cited by 77 publications

References 3 publications

The economic burden of visual impairment and blindness: a systematic review

The economic burden of visual impairment and blindness: a systematic review

Inflammatory ocular adverse events with the use of oral bisphosphonates: a retrospective cohort study

Sociodemographic status of severely disabled and visually impaired elderly people in Turkey

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