The Costs and Benefits of Immigration Enforcement

Abstract

For more than two decades, the U.S. government has attempted to put a stop to unauthorized immigration from (and through) Mexico by implementing "enforcement-only" measures along the U.S.-Mexico border and at work sites throughout the country. These measures have not only failed to end unauthorized immigration, but have placed downward pressure on wages in a broad swath of industries. In recent decades, the U.S. government's avoidance of immigration reform and dependence upon enforcement-only approaches to immigration has served only to deepen a vicious cycle of underground labor markets, lower wages, lower consumption, lower tax revenue, and reduced productivity. Were the government to end this failed enforcement-only crusade and create a pathway to legal status for unauthorized immigrants in the United States, as well as new legal limits on immigration that respond to market forces, it would raise the social floor for the entire U.S. economy-to the benefit of both immigrant and native-born workers.

Does Undocumented Immigration Increase Violent Crime?*

“…Despite the oft-repeated claims that immigration harms the U.S. economy, researchers have suggested that immigration (including undocumented immigration) is a net economic positive by increasing tax revenue (Gardner, Johnson, and Wiehe, 2015), infusing new business and social capital (Light and Gold, 2000), and filling employment niches that complement native-born labor sectors (Hinojosa-Ojeda, 2010). Indeed, despite their legal exclusion from the labor market, a full 93 percent of working-age unauthorized immigrant men were in the labor force in 2009 (Donato and Armenta, 2011).…”