The costs of high self-control in Black and Latino youth with asthma: Divergence of mental health and inflammatory profiles

Chen, Eric; Shalowitz, Madeleine U.; Story, Rachel E.; Hayen, Robin; Leigh, Adam K.K.; Hoffer, Lauren; Austin, Makeda K.; Lam, Phoebe H.; Brody, Gene H.; Miller, Gregory E.

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.02.031

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Yet, we must maintain a critical perspective of whether purpose is, in fact, a developmental asset for all students in the context of this study. Growing literature points to the hidden health costs of emotional resilience, selfcontrol, and perseverance (Anderson, 2019;Brody et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2019). For students of color facing urban poverty, constant oppression and microaggressions, and violence and trauma, purpose may be an asset for emotional and academic resilience (Hatchimonji et al, 2017), but it may come at a physiological cost.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Student Self‐Reported Positive Purpose Over Two Years in Urban Middle Schools

Hatchimonji

Gregory

Osher

et al. 2020

J of Research on Adolesc

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We used Developmental Systems Theory as a framework for understanding the role of contextual factors in the development of purpose in urban adolescents. The sample included primarily low‐socioeconomic students of color attending urban middle schools (n = 2,629; 10–16 years of age). Longitudinal data were collected at four time points across two years. We used hierarchical linear modeling to model change in purpose. On average, purpose declined over time. We also identified several predictors of intercept and slope. For example, Black youth had a higher average purpose intercept, as well as a steeper average decline than other racial/ethnic groups. Females demonstrated a higher average purpose intercept than males, but this effect disappeared when academic achievement was added to the model.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Student Self‐Reported Positive Purpose Over Two Years in Urban Middle Schools

Hatchimonji

Gregory

Osher

et al. 2020

J of Research on Adolesc

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“…In place of the role of individual characteristics commonly considered such as self-control ( Chen et al 2019 , 2020 ), we investigated contextual features of the neighborhood in which youth reside in an attempt to better understand the documented pattern of health risk associated with high academic performance among disadvantaged youth. The increase in BMI associated with higher academic achievement among disadvantaged youth appears to be concentrated among those growing up in counties with low rates of economic mobility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed, most research documenting the relationship between upward mobility and poor health focuses on individual or interpersonal behavior, specifically the effort required and stress accompanying the status attainment process for Black Americans ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Jackson, Knight, & Rafferty, 2010 ; Jetten, Iyer, Tsivrikos, & Young, 2008 ; Miller et al, 2015 ). Individual psychosocial factors are certainly fundamental to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these population health patterns, yet we also know that contextual factors shape individual experiences in ways that are crucial for understanding processes of health and stratification ( Chetty and Hendren, 2018a , 2018b ; Montez, Hayward, & Wolf, 2017 ; Zajacova & Lawrence, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth academic achievement, social context, and body mass index

Gaydosh

McLanahan

2021

SSM - Population Health

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This study assesses the relationship between academic achievement and body mass index for age (BMI) trajectories across childhood and adolescence, and investigates how this relationship is moderated by social context. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that academic achievement is not associated with improved BMI among youth from disadvantaged social contexts. We test for differences by race/ethnicity, and examine the role of county-level economic mobility in shaping these patterns. We use data from the longitudinal Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), an ongoing birth cohort study representative of children born in large US cities in 2000, and measure BMI, academic achievement, and social context at Years 5, 9, and 15. Estimating multilevel random effects linear regression models of BMI from childhood to adolescence, we find that youth who were exposed to social advantage displayed a negative association between academic achievement and BMI. In contrast, youth exposed to social disadvantage displayed no association between academic achievement and BMI. This difference was observed regardless of race/ethnicity. County-level economic mobility modified the observed relationship, such that youth living in places with low levels of mobility displayed higher BMI associated with high academic performance. The results suggest that the health costs of academic achievement among disadvantaged youth are concentrated in areas with low institutional support for upward mobility. The findings demonstrate that the unequal benefits of educational attainment begin early in life, while living in places that promote upward mobility can help individuals realize the health benefits of their own educational attainment.

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“…environments (Chen et al, 2019). "Skin-deep resilience" has been used to describe this pattern because it suggests that above the skin, low-income students of color with high self-control appear to be doing well and achieving success by many external metrics (going to college, earning good incomes, and having good mental health).…”

Section: Statement Of Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, low-income Black youths who exhibit high levels of striving or self-control are more likely to finish college, to earn higher incomes, and to have better mental health; but at the same time, they are more likely to have a greater risk of diabetes, higher allostatic load (a multisystem indicator of physiological risk), and show faster epigenetic aging of immune cells (based on DNA methylation patterns that reflect the discrepancy between a person’s biological and chronological age) compared with low-income Black youths who are low in striving and self-control or compared with high-income Black youths (Brody et al, 2013, 2016; Miller et al, 2015). In addition, Black and Latinx youths who exhibit high self-control in stressful school environments have better mental health (less anxiety and depression) but worse inflammatory profiles compared with those who show low self-control in stressful school environments (Chen et al, 2019). “Skin-deep resilience” has been used to describe this pattern because it suggests that above the skin, low-income students of color with high self-control appear to be doing well and achieving success by many external metrics (going to college, earning good incomes, and having good mental health).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disproportionate School Punishment and Significant Life Outcomes: A Prospective Analysis of Black Youths

Chen¹,

Brody

et al. 2021

Psychol Sci

Self Cite

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This study tested relationships between racial inequalities in the school system—specifically, the disproportionate punishment of Black students—and life outcomes for Black youths, along with moderating psychological factors. In an 18-year longitudinal study of 261 Black youths (ages 11–29), we investigated whether adult life outcomes varied as a function of adolescent self-control and academic achievement. We tested whether relationships were moderated by the racial climates of the high schools that youths attended, using administrative data on relative punishment rates of Black and White students. Among Black youths who attended schools that disproportionately punished Black students, high self-control in early adolescence presaged higher academic orientation in late adolescence, which in turn predicted higher educational attainment, higher income, and better mental health in adulthood. However, among these same youths, higher academic orientation forecasted higher adult insulin resistance, a key process in cardiometabolic disease. These findings suggest that achieving successes in life in the face of racial inequalities may come at a physical health cost for Black youths.

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The costs of high self-control in Black and Latino youth with asthma: Divergence of mental health and inflammatory profiles

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Student Self‐Reported Positive Purpose Over Two Years in Urban Middle Schools

Student Self‐Reported Positive Purpose Over Two Years in Urban Middle Schools

Youth academic achievement, social context, and body mass index

Disproportionate School Punishment and Significant Life Outcomes: A Prospective Analysis of Black Youths

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