The costs of immunological challenge to developing mountain chickadees,<i>Poecile gambeli,</i>in the wild

Whitaker, S.; Fair, Jeanne M.

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.990116.x

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Merino et al, 2000;Soler et al, 2003;Brommer, 2004), other studies failed to demonstrate the expected tradeoff (e.g. Hõrak et al, 2000;Whitaker and Fair, 2002). Here, we propose that this ambiguity stems from the lack of experimental control of the amount of resources traded between competing functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Relationship between avian growth rate and immune response depends on food availability

Brzęk

Konarzewski

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Life history theory predicts that when resources are limited growing organisms are likely to trade an immune response for competing demands of growth. To test this we examined the effect of energy intake on body mass increments and an immune response in hand-reared sand martin (Riparia riparia) nestlings. We subjected the nestlings to three different feeding regimes, mimicking the range of food availability in the wild, and then evaluated nestlings' immune response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Direction of correlation between the magnitude of PHA-induced swelling response and body mass increments depended on food availability: it was negative when food was scarce and positive when resources were plentiful. There was no significant correlation between the two traits under intermediate feeding conditions. We conclude that the relative cost of immune function in young birds depends on food availability and, therefore, may be modified by external factors such as weather conditions or hatching asynchrony.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Relationship between avian growth rate and immune response depends on food availability

Brzęk

Konarzewski

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Nestling CMI has been shown previously to be associated to nutritional state (Horãk et al 1999, Alonso‐Álvarez and Tella 2001) and hatching date (Sorci et al 1997). In some cases, it may be traded off against growth rate (Soler et al 2002, Whitaker and Fair 2002). It could be argued that the effect of date is a consequence of impaired nutrition as the season progresses, and therefore a consequence of the effect of body mass (but see Merino et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nestling cell‐mediated immune response, body mass and hatching date as predictors of local recruitment in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca

Moreno¹,

Merino²,

Sanz³

et al. 2005

Journal of Avian Biology

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G. 2005. Nestling cell-mediated immune response, body mass and hatching date as predictors of local recruitment in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca. Á/ J. Avian Biol. 36: 251 Á/260.Offspring body mass and hatching date have been proposed as useful correlates of postfledging survival and recruitment probability in studies of avian populations. However, these links may be mediated by underlying physiological variables which are frequently not reported. One of these is nestling immune function, which can be measured with several field-friendly protocols like the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) inoculation assay used to estimate cell-mediated immune response (CMI). Here we show in a population of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca subjected to a long-term study in central Spain that nestling CMI as measured with PHA is dependent on dose injected, body mass, hatching date and maternal moult state. Nestlings recruited during the first two or three years after hatching had a higher CMI but did not differ in mass or hatching date with respect to non-recruited nestlings. Nestling immunocompetence as measured with the PHA assay is a better predictor of local recruitment probability than mass or hatching date in our study population, and should be considered in future studies of determinants of offspring survival chances and fitness in avian populations.

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“…The findings of reduced body mass, mass gain or growth in response to non-pathological immune challenge have been documented in several avian studies (e.g. Klasing et al, 1987;Fair et al, 1999;Ots et al, 2001;Bonneaud et al, 2003) (but see Whitaker and Fair, 2002;Hõrak et al, 2000;. Possible mechanisms include energy reallocation from maintenance to immune function (reviewed by Lochmiller and Deerenberg, 2000;Demas and Sakaria, 2005) or inflammation-induced sickness syndrome, which results in reduced food intake and locomotory activity (e.g.…”

Section: Costs Of Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 98%

Antioxidant protection, carotenoids and the costs of immune challenge in greenfinches

Hõrak

Zilmer

Saks

et al. 2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

101

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SUMMARY Costs accompanying immune challenges are believed to play an important role in life-history trade-offs and warranting the honesty of signal traits. We performed an experiment in captive greenfinches (Carduelis chlorisL.) in order to test whether and how humoral immune challenge with non-pathogenic antigen [sheep red blood cells (SRBC)] affects parameters of individual condition including intensity of coccidian infection, estimates of total antioxidant protection, plasma carotenoids and ability to mount a cell-mediated immune response. We also asked whether the potential costs of immune challenge can be alleviated by dietary carotenoid supplementation. None of the treatments affected intensity of coccidiosis. Humoral immune challenge suppressed the cell-mediated response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), suggesting a trade-off between the uses of different arms of the immune system. Immune challenge reduced body-mass gain, but only among the carotenoid-depleted birds, indicating that certain somatic costs associated with immune system activation can be alleviated by carotenoids. No evidence for oxidative stress-induced immunopathological damages could be found because immune activation did not affect total antioxidant protection or carotenoid levels. Carotenoid supplementation inclined birds to fattening, indicating that lutein interfered with lipid metabolism. Altogether, our results support the hypotheses of biological importance of carotenoids and exemplify the overwhelming complexity of their integrated ecophysiological functions.

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The costs of immunological challenge to developing mountain chickadees,Poecile gambeli,in the wild

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Relationship between avian growth rate and immune response depends on food availability

Relationship between avian growth rate and immune response depends on food availability

Nestling cell‐mediated immune response, body mass and hatching date as predictors of local recruitment in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca

Antioxidant protection, carotenoids and the costs of immune challenge in greenfinches

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