“…The direct cost effect of injuries and fatalities in the construction industry may be as much as billions of dollars annually (Hallowell, 2010), whereas the indirect cost impact is estimated to be six times the direct costs (Chen, Fisher, & Krishnamurthy, 1994;Gavious, Mizrahi, Shani, & Minchuk, 2009). Accident prevention and control in the construction industry is a matter of huge concern, as the business exhibits one of the worst safety records among various high-risk sectors including the chemical industry, mining, and transportation (Hallowell, 2010;Sa, Seo & Choi, 2009).…”