The costs of preventive activities for exotic contagious diseases—A Danish case study of foot and mouth disease and swine fever

Denver, Sigrid; Alban, Lis; Boklund, Anette; Houe, Hans; Mortensen, Sten; Rattenborg, Erik; Tamstorf, Trine Vig; Zobbe, Henrik; Christensen, Tove

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.07.010

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We speculate that the higher bacterial diversity and richness in cow farmers’ homes compared to pig farmers’ homes might be due to the microbes from pig and humans being more similar than those of cows and humans due to a more similar diet for pigs and humans compared to cows and humans. Another explanation could be because Danish regulations require farmers’ working in pig stables to wash their hands and change clothes to prevent the spread of zoonotic pathogens from pigs are more strict compared to farmers working in open-air and less precautioned cow stables, so cow farmers would transmit more bacteria to their homes than pig farmers ( Denver et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher similarity in bacterial communities established in individual farmers’ homes and their associated cow stables than for homes and pig stables. This could be a result of the strict Danish regulations that require employees present in pig stables to disinfect their hands, change clothes, and disinfect equipment to prevent the transmission of zoonotic diseases from pigs compared to less pre-cautioned and open-air cow stables ( Denver et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cow Farmers’ Homes Host More Diverse Airborne Bacterial Communities Than Pig Farmers’ Homes and Suburban Homes

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Living on a farm has been linked to a lower risk of immunoregulatory disorders, such as asthma, allergy, and inflammatory bowel disease. It is hypothesized that a decrease in the diversity and composition of indoor microbial communities is a sensible explanation for the upsurge in immunoregulatory diseases, with airborne bacteria contributing to this protective effect. However, the composition of this potentially beneficial microbial community in various farm and suburban indoor environments is still to be characterized. We collected settled airborne dust from stables and the associated farmers’ homes and from suburban homes using electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs) over a period of 14 days. Then, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to assess bacterial abundance. The V3–V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using Ilumina MiSeq in order to assess microbial diversity. The Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm (DADA2) algorithm was used for the inference of amplicon sequence variants from amplicon data. Airborne bacteria were significantly more abundant in farmers’ indoor environments than in suburban homes (p < 0.001). Cow farmers’ homes had significantly higher bacterial diversity than pig farmers’ and suburban homes (p < 0.001). Bacterial taxa, such as Firmicutes, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Lactobacillus were significantly more abundant in farmers’ homes than suburban homes, and the same was true for beneficial intestinal bacterial species, such as Lactobacillus amylovorus, Eubacterium hallii, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Furthermore, we found a higher similarity between bacterial communities in individual farmers’ homes and their associated cow stables than for pig stables. Our findings contribute with important knowledge on bacterial composition, abundance, and diversity in different environments, which is highly valuable in the discussion on how microbial exposure may contribute to the development of immune-mediated diseases in both children and adults.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cow Farmers’ Homes Host More Diverse Airborne Bacterial Communities Than Pig Farmers’ Homes and Suburban Homes

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Foot-and-mouth disease is a severe infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection, which seriously harms the development of animal husbandry (1)(2)(3). FMDV is a single-stranded positive-strand RNA virus belonging to the Aphthovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Structural Protein VP1 Destroys the Stability of the TPL2 Trimer by Degradation of TPL2 To Evade Host Antiviral Immunity

Zhang

Yan

Hao

et al. 2021

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase (MAP3K) family, and it plays an important role in pathogen infection. The trimer complex of TPL2, p105, and ABIN2 is essential for maintenance of TPL2 steady-state levels and host cell response to pathogens. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a positive-strand RNA virus of the family Picornaviridae that encodes proteins capable of antagonizing host immune responses to achieve infection. The VP1 protein of FMDV is a multifunctional protein that can bind host cells and induce an immune response as well as cell apoptosis. However, the role and mechanisms of TPL2 in FMDV infection remain unknown. Here, we determined that FMDV infection could inhibit TPL2, p105, and ABIN2 at the transcription and protein levels, while VP1 could only inhibit TPL2, p105 and ABIN2 at protein level. TPL2 inhibited the replication of FMDV in vivo and in vitro, the 268 to 283 amino-acid region in the TPL2 kinase domain was essential for interaction with VP1. Moreover, VP1 promoted K48-linked polyubiquitination of TPL2 and degraded TPL2 by the proteasome pathway. However, VP1-induced degradation of p105 and ABIN2 was independent of proteasome, autophagy, lysosome, and caspase-dependent pathways. Further studies showed that VP1 destroyed the stability of the TPL2-p105-ABIN2 complex. Taken together, these results revealed that VP1 antagonized TPL2-meditated antivirus activity by degrading TPL2 and destroying its complex. These findings may contribute to understand FMDV-host interactions and improve development of a novel vaccine to prevent FMDV infection. Importance Virus-host interactions are critical for virus infection. This study was the first to demonstrate the antiviral effect of host TPL2 during FMDV replication by increasing production of interferons and antiviral cytokines. Both FMDV and VP1 protein can reduce host TPL2, ABIN2 and p105 to destroy TPL2-p105-ABIN2 trimer complex. VP1 interacted with TPL2 and degrade TPL2 via proteasome pathway to repress TPL2-mediated antivirus activity. This study provided new insights into FMDV immune evasion mechanisms, elucidating new informations regarding FMDV counteraction of host antivirus activity.

show abstract

“…Indirect exposure to contaminated environments was identified by ESFA as a likely route of ASF infection in domestic pigs and wild boar (16). In Denmark, empty contaminated livestock vehicles returning after export and not well-cleaned and disinfected are considered one of the main risks (17), because: (1) annual pig imports into Denmark are low, e.g., 47 pigs were imported in 2017-2021; (2) large numbers of vehicles export live pigs, e.g., 26,918 vehicles exported livestock in 2021, among which 25,252 were pig exports (18), and; (3) there are almost no free-living wild boar (19). In 2019, a fence was erected along the border with Germany, reducing the risk of migrating wild boars entering from northern Germany (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SWOT analysis of risk factors associated with introduction of African Swine Fever through vehicles returning after export of pigs

Gao

Nielsen²,

Boklund³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Denmark is a major pig exporter and applies a high level of biosecurity, with washing and disinfecting stations for returning livestock vehicles. The introduction of African Swine Fever (ASF) would have significant economic consequences related to loss of export of live pigs and products thereof. In this study, we focused on the role of empty livestock vehicles returning after exports of pigs for the introduction of ASF. Initially, the current components and measures related to export of livestock were described. Next, analyses of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) were conducted, covering the components and measures identified. Then, export of pigs was described either through assembly centers or directly from farms. Washing and disinfection, as required and undertaken at the designated stations, constitutes the most important among all risk-reducing measures identified. Recommendations are to: (1) ensure the quality of washing and disinfection through staff training; (2) find new, safe, and more efficient disinfectants; (3) ensure the required temperature, and therefore effect, of the disinfectant and water. It was impossible to assess, the influence of export through assembly centers compared to direct transport. However, through SWOT analyses we identified the strengths and weaknesses of the two pathways. Moreover, components/measures with risks of unknown sizes are also discussed, such as vehicles undertaking cabotage and the current vehicle quarantine periods.

show abstract

The costs of preventive activities for exotic contagious diseases—A Danish case study of foot and mouth disease and swine fever

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Cow Farmers’ Homes Host More Diverse Airborne Bacterial Communities Than Pig Farmers’ Homes and Suburban Homes

Cow Farmers’ Homes Host More Diverse Airborne Bacterial Communities Than Pig Farmers’ Homes and Suburban Homes

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Structural Protein VP1 Destroys the Stability of the TPL2 Trimer by Degradation of TPL2 To Evade Host Antiviral Immunity

SWOT analysis of risk factors associated with introduction of African Swine Fever through vehicles returning after export of pigs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About