The counterbalance of endothelial glycocalyx and high wall shear stress to low-density lipoprotein concentration polarization in mouse ear skin arterioles

Basal endothelial glycocalyx’s response to shear stress: a review of structure, function, and clinical implications

“…These flow patterns play a significant role in atherosclerosis development and could alter basal glycocalyx structure and function ( Civelekoglu-Scholey et al, 2005 ; Dabagh et al, 2014 ). Multidirectional flow patterns generate inflammatory shear forces that dysregulate the expression of glycocalyx components ( Ghim et al, 2017 ; Deng et al, 2023 ). The imbalance between glycocalyx formation and degradation during the onset and progression of atherosclerosis alters the expression of genes critical to regulating the glycocalyx response to shear ( Lusis, 2000 ; Hamrangsekachaee et al, 2023 ).…”

“…Dysregulation in glycocalyx formation and degradation results in alterations in glycocalyx thickness ( Gouverneur et al, 2006 ; Koo et al, 2013 ; Deng et al, 2023 ). The balance between glycocalyx thickness and wall shear stress has been hypothesized to regulate atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein build up in the glycocalyx ( Deng et al, 2023 ).…”

“…Dysregulation in glycocalyx formation and degradation results in alterations in glycocalyx thickness ( Gouverneur et al, 2006 ; Koo et al, 2013 ; Deng et al, 2023 ). The balance between glycocalyx thickness and wall shear stress has been hypothesized to regulate atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein build up in the glycocalyx ( Deng et al, 2023 ). Increases in glycocalyx thickness and shear rate are initially atheroprotective before becoming pro-atherosclerotic when pathological levels are reached ( Deng et al, 2023 ).…”

“…The balance between glycocalyx thickness and wall shear stress has been hypothesized to regulate atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein build up in the glycocalyx ( Deng et al, 2023 ). Increases in glycocalyx thickness and shear rate are initially atheroprotective before becoming pro-atherosclerotic when pathological levels are reached ( Deng et al, 2023 ). Once permeability has increased the locally deposited lipoproteins begin to adhere to degraded regions of the vasculature triggering inflammatory pathways, leading to the expression of proinflammatory molecules ( Becker et al, 2015 ).…”