The Course of General Cognitive Ability in Individuals With Psychotic Disorders

Abstract

IMPORTANCE Schizophrenia is associated with major cognitive deficits and has been conceptualized as both a neurodevelopmental and a neurodegenerative disorder. However, when deficits develop and how they change over the course of illness is uncertain.OBJECTIVE To trace cognition from elementary school to old age to test neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative theories of psychotic disorders.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data were taken from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project, a first-admission longitudinal cohort study of individuals with psychotic disorders. Participants were recruited from all 12 inpatient psychiatric facilities in Suffolk County, New York. This analysis concerns the 428 participants with at least 2 estimates of general cognitive ability.

Cognitive impairment in adults under compulsory psychiatric care: association with psychotic symptoms and high-dose antipsychotics

“…Indeed, there is evidence that cognitive decline in psychosis starts at least a decade before the onset of psychotic symptoms, and this is more profound in individuals with schizophrenia, who experience a decrease in IQ at a rate of 0.35 points per year. 26 Additionally, a second acceleration of cognitive decline approximately two decades after disease onset, with an IQ decrease of 0.59 points per year, has also been reported. 26 Based on the cross-sectional design of the present study, the opposite may also be suggested, i.e.…”

“…26 Additionally, a second acceleration of cognitive decline approximately two decades after disease onset, with an IQ decrease of 0.59 points per year, has also been reported. 26 Based on the cross-sectional design of the present study, the opposite may also be suggested, i.e. that exposure to high doses of Variables excluded from the model: financial reimbursement, vocational status, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, family status, spoken language, mental health history, history of involuntary hospital admission, substance use history, family history of psychiatric disorders, dual diagnosis, high-dose antipsychotics (with 'as needed' medication regimens included), polypharmacy (with/without antipsychotics), psychiatric diagnosis, main symptoms leading to hospital admission, health-related behaviours before the admission, PANSS total score, negative symptoms PANSS subscale score, positive symptoms PANSS subscale score, relapse frequency.…”

Diagnostic Specificity and Association With Cognition of Molecular Alterations in Prefrontal Somatostatin Neurons in Schizophrenia

“…Importantly, this measure is unlikely to be confounded with illness chronicity, as most education is completed prior to the onset of psychosis in individuals with SZ. Therefore, educational attainment is a reasonable index for premorbid cognitive deficits in individuals later diagnosed with SZ …”

Oscillatory Deficits in the Sub-Chronic PCP Rat Model for Schizophrenia Are Reversed by mGlu5 Receptor-Positive Allosteric Modulators VU0409551 and VU0360172

“…The cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) is remarkably robust, associated with the initial, prodromal stages of schizophrenia and closely linked to functional outcomes and quality of life [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. A recent cohort study revealed that the start of cognitive decline precedes psychosis onset by over a decade, implying that cognitive deficits represent the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia, with psychosis being a secondary symptom [ 8 ]. Existing typical and atypical antipsychotic medications modifying monoamine receptors have shown value in mitigating the positive, but neither negative nor cognitive, symptoms [ 9 ].…”