“…Of these, 25 studies were excluded for the following reasons: (1) retrospective design 7-15 ; (2) nonconsecutive patients 7,10 -13,16 -29 ; (3) lack of objective verification of the diagnosis 10,17,18,21,30 ; (4) asymptomatic patients 25 ; (5) treatment with inferior vena cava ligation or femoral ligation, embolectomy, or no treatment in some patients 7-11,16,18 -21,23-25,29,31 ; (6) anticoagulant therapy for Ͻ 6 weeks 10,18,23,24 ; and (7) no description of history of venous thromboembolism. 12,28,29 The excluded studies and reason for exclusion are listed in Table 1.…”