The course of untreated seizures in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy

Arida, Ricardo Mário; Scorza, Fúlvio Alexandre; Peres, C.; Cavalheiro, Ésper A.

doi:10.1016/s0920-1211(98)00092-8

Cited by 136 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As seen in human condition, seizure activity is highly variable among animals and occurs in clusters with seizures free-intervals 20,21 . Bajorat et al 21 using video-EEG in pilocarpine model identified three patterns of seizure distribution during the course of recording: a) > 3/day and evenly distributed seizures, b) > 2/day and again evenly distributed seizures and c) > 3/day and seizures clustered with seizure-free intervals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired executive functions in experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy

Ramos

Carreiro

Scorza

et al. 2016

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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with approximately 65 million people affected worldwide, epilepsy is one of the most common, chronic and serious neurological disease 1,2,3,4 . temporal lobe epilepsy (tLE) is the commonest form of human epilepsy, affecting approximately 40% of patients and often resistant to antiepileptic drugs 5,6,7 . From the structural and functional points of view, tLE is often associated with specific structural abnormalities that affect limbic structures as well as frontal lobe, which is associated with cognitive processes, including executive functions, working memory (wM), decision making, planning, cognitive flexibility and sustained attention 8,9 . Epilepsy is frequently associated with some psychiatry comorbities, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADhD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). the prevalence of ADhD in children with epilepsy is higher than in general population, being estimated in 30-40% 10,11,12 . Although there is a well-established relationship between the two disorders, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and more research needs to be performed. thus, the animal models allow investigate many issues related to epilepsy in the absence of iatrogenic neurobehavioral abnormalities. Based on these, the present study aimed to investigate ADhD-like behaviour in male rats with pilocarpine-induced tLE. AbStrACtObjective: The present study aimed to investigate cognitive and behavioural changes consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD -like behavior in male Wistar rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Method: Male Wistar rats at 25 day of age were submitted to animal model of TLE by pilocarpine injection (350 mg/kg, ip) and a control group received saline 0.9%. The animals were continuously video monitored up to the end of experiments. The behavioural tests (open field, elevated plus maze and operant conditioning box) started from 60 days postnatal. Results: Animals with TLE exhibited elevated locomotor activity, reduced level of anxiety-related behavior, impulsivity and impaired visuospatial working memory. Conclusion: Taken as a whole, we concluded that animals with TLE exhibited some cognitive and behavioural changes consistent with ADHD-like behavior.Keywords: Epilepsy, temporal lobe; executive function; pilocarpine; memory, short-term. reSumo Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as alterações cognitivas e comportamentais consistentes com o comportament de transtorno de deficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) -like em ratos Wistar machos com epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT). Método: Ratos Wistar machos com 25 dias de vida foram submetidos a modelo animal de ELT pela injeção de pilocarpina (350 mg / kg, ip) e grupo controle recebeu salina 0,9%. Os animais foram monitorados continuamente por vídeo até ao final dos experimentos. Os testes comportamentais (campo aberto, labirinto em cruz elevado e caixa de condicionamento operante) começaram a partir de 60 dias pós-natal. Resultados: Os animais com ELT exibiram aumento da atividade locomoto...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired executive functions in experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy

Ramos

Carreiro

Scorza

et al. 2016

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…All recordings for spontaneous seizures were done during the light period [1,22]. From 28 to 35 days after SE, randomly chosen animals (n=30, respectively in NSCstransplanted group and epilepsy-only group) were videomonitored for 12 h per day (total 84 h in all the monitored animals), as described elsewhere [22].…”

Section: Monitoring Of Spontaneous Seizuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human neural stem cell transplantation reduces spontaneous recurrent seizures following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in adult rats

et al. 2004

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“…Because the frequency of spontaneous seizures in the pilocarpine model is much higher during the light (diurnal) compared with the dark (nocturnal) period (22), all recordings for spontaneous seizures were done during the light period. Seizure recordings were performed as follows.…”

Section: Monitoring Of Spontaneous Seizuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Novel Antiepileptic Drug Levetiracetam on Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures in the Rat Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

et al. 2002

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Summary:Purpose: Animal models in which seizures are elicited by chemical or electrical means are commonly used for identification and preclinical testing of novel antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Such models have been successful in discovering all the new AEDs. However, despite the high efficacy of AEDs against elicited seizures in rodent models, a significant proportion of epilepsy patients with spontaneous recurrent seizures is resistant to these drugs. It is not known whether drug testing in rodent models with spontaneous recurrent seizures would yield a more predictive result with respect to AED efficacy in the clinic. This led us to test one of the novel AEDs, levetiracetam (LEV), in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with spontaneous recurrent seizures.Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and recorded for spontaneous recurrent seizures in the months after pilocarpine treatment. A group of rats with frequent spontaneous seizures was used for the drug trial with LEV. The experimental protocol for drug testing in these rats was as follows. For 2 weeks, rats received subcutaneous implantation of osmotic minipumps filled with saline (predrug control period), followed by a 2-week period with implantation of LEV-filled minipumps (drug period), after which pumps were replaced by drug-free pumps for 2 weeks (postdrug control period). The LEV concentration in the pumps during the drug period was adjusted to give daily doses resulting in the maximal plasma concentration range determined previously in patients with TLE during prolonged treatment with LEV. During the 6 weeks of the experiment in epileptic rats, seizures were recorded by video monitoring.Results: Average seizure frequency during the pre-and postdrug control period in a group of eight epileptic rats was 21 and 25 seizures. This was reduced to an average seizure frequency of 8 seizures during the 2 weeks of treatment with LEV. However, the individual response of rats to LEV varied markedly from complete seizure control to no effect at all, although plasma drug levels were within the therapeutic range in all rats. When seizure frequency was separately calculated for the first and second week of treatment, the significant anticonvulsant effect determined in the first week was partially diminished in the second week, suggesting that tolerance may have developed in some of the rats.Conclusions: The data demonstrate that interesting results can be obtained by drug testing in epileptic rats, giving a more realistic prediction of clinical efficacy than results from drug testing in animal models with elicited seizures. Thus, although drug trials in rats with spontaneous recurrent seizures are laborious and time-consuming, such trials should be added to the preclinical characterization of novel AEDs.

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The course of untreated seizures in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy

Cited by 136 publications

References 10 publications

Impaired executive functions in experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy

Impaired executive functions in experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy

Human neural stem cell transplantation reduces spontaneous recurrent seizures following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in adult rats

Effects of the Novel Antiepileptic Drug Levetiracetam on Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures in the Rat Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

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