Abstract:The tawa'ifs were an elite class of performing community engaged in the production of dance, music, and poetry in the form of cultural commons in pre-colonial Lucknow and other princely states. There was a gradual decline in this community's cultural commons throughout the 19th and 20th century. While the performance history of tawa'ifs and their contribution to the art forms of kathak and thumri have been widely explored, there is a sparse understanding of the community's cultural production process, why it w… Show more
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