The COVID‐19 epidemic

Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P.; Meyer, Christian G.

doi:10.1111/tmi.13383

Cited by 2,343 publications

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“…(5) For this reason, unless large proportions of populations are tested for virus-specific antibody levels, we cannot possibly accurately estimate the total that have actually contracted the disease (6). …”

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confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: COVID-19 admissions calculators: General population and paediatric cohort

Grech

2020

Early Human Development

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Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f COVID-19 admissions calculators: general population and paediatric cohort. AbstractThe world is in the grip of pandemic . Children appear to be only mildly affected but for those countries that are still preparing for their first wave of infections, it is salutary to have some estimates with which to plan for eventual contingencies. These assessments would include acute hospital admission requirements, intensive care admissions and deaths per given population. It is also useful to have an estimate of how many paediatric admissions to expect per given population. However it is only very recently that paediatric epidemiological data has become available. This paper will create an interactive spreadsheet model to estimate population and paediatric admissions for a given population, with the author's country, Malta, as a worked example for both. Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f COVID-19 admissions calculators: general population and paediatric cohort. Paediatric populations Lu et. al. evaluated both symptomatic and asymptomatic children (<16 years) who were contacts with confirmed or suspected COVID19.(3) 1391 children were assessed with 171 (12.3%) confirmed cases. The median age was 6.7 years. Fever was present in 41.5% at any time during the illness.  Other common signs and symptoms included cough and pharyngeal erythema. Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f  27 (15.8%) were asymptomatic with no radiological features of pneumonia.  12 had radiologic features of pneumonia in the absence of symptoms of infection.  3 patients required intensive care and invasive mechanical ventilation and these all had comorbidities (hydronephrosis, leukemia on maintenance chemotherapy, and intussusception.  6 (3.5%) had lymphopenia (lymphocyte count <1.2×10 9 /liter)  The most common radiological finding was bilateral ground-glass opacity (32.7%). Dong et al. retrospectively evaluated 2,143 children (<18 years) who had confirmed infection or were presumed to have the disease based on symptoms and history of exposure.(4) Median age was 7 years. Levels of severity were defined thus:  4.4% were asymptomatic infections with normal chest imaging. 50.9 % were mild with symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infection along with fever, fatigue, myalgia, cough, sore throat, runny nose, and sneezing. Physical examination  38.8 % were moderate with pneumonia but no obvious hypoxemia such as shortness of breath. Some of these had only radiological findings with no clinical manifestation. 5.2% were severe with dyspnea and oxygen saturation <92%. 0.6% were critical with respiratory failure/shock/encephalopathy/myocardial injury or heart failure/coagulopathyacute kidney injury.Interestingly, vulnerability was inversely related to age in that the proportion of severe and critical cases were 10.6 %, 7.3%, 4.2%, 4.1% and 3.0% for the age groups of <1, 1-5, 6-10, 11-15 and ≥16 years. Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f ResultsThis information was ...

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confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: COVID-19 admissions calculators: General population and paediatric cohort

Grech

2020

Early Human Development

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“…A new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is spreading cross the world (Phan, 2020). Since the virus emerged at the seafood wholesale market at the end of last year (Zhu et al, 2019), the number of infected cases has been rising dramatically (Velavan and Meyer, 2020). Human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed (Nishiura et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and evolution of SARS-CoV-2

Phan

2020

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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585

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A B S T R A C TCOVID-19 is a viral respiratory illness caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. The World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak a global public health emergency. We performed genetic analyses of eighty-six complete or near-complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and revealed many mutations and deletions on coding and non-coding regions. These observations provided evidence of the genetic diversity and rapid evolution of this novel coronavirus.

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“…preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in novel coronavirus that has never been found in humans. Common symptoms in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, and in more severe cases, infection can lead to pneumonia and severe acute respiratory syndrome [4,5]. The known routes of coronavirus disease-19 transmission are respiratory droplets and contact transmission, while aerosol and fecal-oral transmission require further clarification [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection by Detection of Nucleocapsid Protein

Diao

Wen

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

186

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BACKGROUND Nucleic acid test and antibody assay have been employed in the diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the use of viral antigen for diagnosis has not been successfully developed. Theoretically, viral antigen is the specific marker of the virus and precedes antibody appearance within the infected population. There is a clear need of detection of viral antigen for rapid and early diagnosis.METHODS We included a cohort of 239 participants with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection from 7 centers for the study. We measured nucleocapsid protein in nasopharyngeal swab samples in parallel with the nucleic acid test. Nucleic acid test was taken as the reference standard, and statistical evaluation was taken in blind. We detected nucleocapsid protein in 20 urine samples in another center, employing nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid test as reference standard. RESULTSWe developed a fluorescence immunochromatographic assay for detecting nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab sample and urine within 10 minutes. 100% of nucleocapsid protein positive and negative participants accord with nucleic acid test for same samples. Further, earliest participant after 3 days of fever can be identified by the method. In an additional preliminary study, we detected nucleocapsid protein in urine in 73.6% of diagnosed COVID-19 patients.CONCLUSIONS Those findings indicate that nucleocapsid protein assay is an accurate, rapid, early and simple method for diagnosis of COVID-19. Appearance of nucleocapsid protein in urine coincides our finding of the SARS-CoV-2 invading kidney and might be of diagnostic value.

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The COVID‐19 epidemic

Cited by 2,343 publications

References 12 publications

RETRACTED: COVID-19 admissions calculators: General population and paediatric cohort

RETRACTED: COVID-19 admissions calculators: General population and paediatric cohort

Genetic diversity and evolution of SARS-CoV-2

Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection by Detection of Nucleocapsid Protein

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