The COVID-19 Innovation System

Sampat, Bhaven N.; Shadlen, Kenneth C.

doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2020.02097

Cited by 82 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Whereas public support for basic research and early-stage drug development is widespread, 11 the urgent need to develop COVID-19 vaccines and scale up supply has inspired new ways of aiding research, development, and production activities and enlisting broad participation among private companies. 12 Governments and non-profit organisations have financed clinical trials, invested in the building and expansion of production facilities, and established con tract manufacturing and distribution networks to enable the rapid roll-out of successful vaccines. 13 The table summarises publicly available data on investments by governments and non-profit organisations into the research, development, and production of advanced COVID-19 vaccine candidates (appendix 2).…”

Section: Development and Production A Ffordability Allocation Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines: production, affordability, allocation, and deployment

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic is unlikely to end until there is global roll-out of vaccines that protect against severe disease and preferably drive herd immunity. Regulators in numerous countries have authorised or approved COVID-19 vaccines for human use, with more expected to be licensed in 2021. Yet having licensed vaccines is not enough to achieve global control of COVID-19: they also need to be produced at scale, priced affordably, allocated globally so that they are available where needed, and widely deployed in local communities. In this Health Policy paper, we review potential challenges to success in each of these dimensions and discuss policy implications. To guide our review, we developed a dashboard to highlight key characteristics of 26 leading vaccine candidates, including efficacy levels, dosing regimens, storage requirements, prices, production capacities in 2021, and stocks reserved for low-income and middle-income countries. We use a traffic-light system to signal the potential contributions of each candidate to achieving global vaccine immunity, highlighting important trade-offs that policy makers need to consider when developing and implementing vaccination programmes. Although specific datapoints are subject to change as the pandemic response progresses, the dashboard will continue to provide a useful lens through which to analyse the key issues affecting the use of COVID-19 vaccines. We also present original data from a 32-country survey (n=26 758) on potential acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, conducted from October to December, 2020. Vaccine acceptance was highest in Vietnam (98%), India (91%), China (91%), Denmark (87%), and South Korea (87%), and lowest in Serbia (38%), Croatia (41%), France (44%), Lebanon (44%), and Paraguay (51%).

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Section: Development and Production A Ffordability Allocation Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines: production, affordability, allocation, and deployment

et al. 2021

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“…The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underscored the importance of research and development (R&D) in the pharmaceutical industry. R&D plays a key role in responding to the COVID-19 outbreak and acts as a critical lever to ensure a sustainable and inclusive recovery while boosting the resilience of the socioeconomic system (1,2). The pharmaceutical industry devoted $186 billion dollars to R&D expenditure in 2019 (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

R&D Investments, Debt Capital, and Ownership Concentration: A Three-Way Interaction and Lag Effects on Firm Performance in China's Pharmaceutical Industry

Guo

Chai

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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The existing literature has yet to provide consistent evidence on the relationship between R&D investments and firm performance. The current study attempted to fill this gap in the literature by examining the effect of lag structure and the moderating role of financial governance, in terms of debt capital and ownership concentration, on the returns of R&D. Analyzing a sample of China's pharmaceutical firms from 2009 to 2018, we found that the effect of R&D upon growth begins in the second year after R&D spending and increases thereafter. There exists a vigorous debate about the choice between debt and ownership structure. To fill this gap, we proposed a three-way interactive effect. The results suggest that firms that invest heavily in R&D may achieve their highest performance when the use of debt capital and the extent of ownership concentration are both low. This study contributes to the R&D investments and financial governance literature by reconciling previous mixed evidence about the returns of R&D and the debt–equity choices on R&D investment decisions.

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“…Collaborative innovation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of the global biomedical industry and related research fields, and pharmaceutical companies have received unprecedented attention ( Sampat and Shadlen, 2021 ). At the same time, industry-university-research cooperation has brought them significant development opportunities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative Innovation Network, Knowledge Base, and Technological Innovation Performance-Thinking in Response to COVID-19

Zhu

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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Amid the pandemic of COVID-19, the collaborative innovation network of enterprises is conducive to the sharing of innovation resources, knowledge transfer, and technology diffusion, which is closely related to the improvement of corporate technological innovation performance. Based on the patent application data of listed enterprises in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai in China, this study constructs a cooperation matrix, describes the characteristics of collaborative innovation network from two dimensions of network structure and network relationship, introduces the breadth of the knowledge base as a moderating variable, and analyzes the nexus between characteristics of a collaborative innovation network and technological innovation performance. Based on the panel data of 193 listed companies in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai, this study uses a multiple linear regression model for empirical analysis. The results show a U-shaped relationship between clustering coefficient and technological innovation performance. The breadth of knowledge base strengthens the positive relationship between the structural hole and technological innovation performance. In contrast, the breadth of knowledge base weakens the positive relationship between network relationships strength and technological innovation performance. The study findings will enhance enterprises’ participation in a suitable collaborative innovation according to their knowledge-based characteristics and improve the technological innovation performance.

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The COVID-19 Innovation System

Cited by 82 publications

References 20 publications

Challenges in ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines: production, affordability, allocation, and deployment

Challenges in ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines: production, affordability, allocation, and deployment

R&D Investments, Debt Capital, and Ownership Concentration: A Three-Way Interaction and Lag Effects on Firm Performance in China's Pharmaceutical Industry

Collaborative Innovation Network, Knowledge Base, and Technological Innovation Performance-Thinking in Response to COVID-19

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