The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control

Helmy, Yosra A.; Fawzy, Mohamed; Elaswad, Ahmed; Sobieh, Ahmed; Kenney, Scott P.; Shehata, Awad A.

doi:10.3390/jcm9041225

Cited by 584 publications

(536 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…The disease is however more severe amongst the elderly, and those living with co-morbidities that involve endothelial dysfunction [4], such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes [5]. While there is currently no cure or available vaccine [2,6], there is a lot of uncertainty around the behaviour of the pathogen. Drastic measures designed to limit the rate of new infections [7] have resulted in global economic problems, which have affected many livelihoods, even exacerbating food insecurity [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of emerging mutations on the dynamic properties the SARS-CoV-2 main protease: anin silicoinvestigation

Verkhivker

Bishop

2020

Preprint

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The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a global threat to world health and its economy. Its main protease (Mpro), which functions as a dimer, cleaves viral precursor proteins in the process of viral maturation. It is a good candidate for drug development owing to its conservation and the absence of a human homolog. An improved understanding of the protein behaviour can accelerate the discovery of effective therapies in order to reduce mortality. 100 ns all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of 50 homology modelled mutant Mpro dimers were performed at pH 7 from filtered sequences obtained from the GISAID database. Protease dynamics were analysed using RMSD, RMSF, Rg, the averaged betweenness centrality and geometry calculations. Domains from each Mpro protomer were found to generally have independent motions, while the dimer-stabilising N-finger region was found to be flexible in most mutants. A mirrored interprotomer pocket was found to be correlated to the catalytic site using compaction dynamics, and can be a potential allosteric target. The high number of titratable amino acids of Mpro may indicate an important role of pH on enzyme dynamics, as previously reported for SARS-CoV. Independent coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations suggest a link between rigidity/mutability and enzymatic function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of emerging mutations on the dynamic properties the SARS-CoV-2 main protease: anin silicoinvestigation

Verkhivker

Bishop

2020

Preprint

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“…The emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic (Helmy et al 2020) has created the need for greatly expanded screening programs to aid contact tracing and to protect medical staff and other vulnerable groups (WHO 2020a). Rapid characterization of the COVID-19 genome (Wu et al 2020) and the limited variation among isolates (Forster et al 2020) enabled the prompt development of diagnostic tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive Multiplexing Can Deliver a $1 Test for COVID-19

Hebert

Prosser

Ivanova

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, SARS-CoV-2 (hereafter COVID-19), rapidly achieved global pandemic status, provoking large-scale screening programs in many nations. Their activation makes it imperative to identify methods that can deliver a diagnostic result at low cost. This paper describes an approach which employs sequence variation in the gene coding for its envelope protein as the basis for a scalable, inexpensive test for COVID-19. It achieves this by coupling a simple RNA extraction protocol with low-volume RT-PCR, followed by E-Gel screening and sequencing on highthroughput platforms to analyze 10,000 samples in a run. Slight modifications to the protocol could support screening programs for other known viruses and for viral discovery. Just as the $1,000 genome is transforming medicine, a $1 diagnostic test for viral and bacterial pathogens would represent a major advance for public health.

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“…When new cases and new deaths are announced each day, people in many countries are asking if this wave of the disease will occur in their country [2,3]. If it does occur in their country, they are asking on what scale it will occur and they are worried about how to deal with the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Mortality and Infection Rate in a Region or Country Suggest a Longer Time of COVID-19 Disease Pandemic

Yao

Day

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In view of the fact that the 2019-nCoV has spread to most countries in the world, it is necessary to make scientific and well-founded predictions of the current pandemic situation caused by the virus worldwide, which are conducive to public, social and government responses that mitigate and appropriately address the pandemic. We collected data from provinces with more than 200 cases in China and from eight other countries. Our analyses showed that the disease duration has no correlation with the number of patients, with r = 0.184. The number of deaths was not correlated to the disease duration, with r = 0.242. However, a positive correlation between the days of disease duration and infection rate, with a r = 0.626. Furthermore, there is a strong positive correlation between the disease duration and total death rate, with a r = 0.707. Using death rate of first 25 days, we obtained a positive relationship with a r value of 0.597. Based on the data from first 25 days, the minimum and maximum days of COVID-19 pandemic duration of eight countries was estimated between days of 37 and 114 days.

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The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control

Cited by 584 publications

References 114 publications

Impact of emerging mutations on the dynamic properties the SARS-CoV-2 main protease: anin silicoinvestigation

Impact of emerging mutations on the dynamic properties the SARS-CoV-2 main protease: anin silicoinvestigation

Massive Multiplexing Can Deliver a $1 Test for COVID-19

Higher Mortality and Infection Rate in a Region or Country Suggest a Longer Time of COVID-19 Disease Pandemic

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