The COVID-19 pandemic and associated increases in experiences of assault violence among black men with low socioeconomic status living in Louisiana

Beiter, Kaylin; Danos, Denise; Conrad, Erich J.; Broyles, Stephanie T.; Zabaleta, Jovanny; Mussell, Jason; Phillippi, Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09974

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The authors believe that it is unlikely to be related to the relative increase in trauma experienced during the COVID-19 surge in 2020. 8 For the aesthetic total categories, a slight decrease in case numbers can be seen in head and neck aesthetic deformity and trunk/extremity aesthetic deformities when comparing 2019 with 2020 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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COVID-19 Elective Surgery Shutdown and Operative Experience for Graduating Plastic Surgery Independent Residents

Loughran¹,

Lombardi

Tolaymat

et al. 2022

Ann Plast Surg

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Introduction The initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a temporary shutdown of elective procedures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the elective surgery shutdown impacted case log numbers for graduating plastic surgery independent residents. Methods The Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education graduate self-reported case logs were retrospectively compiled for graduating independent track plastic surgery residents for the year before the pandemic (2019), 4 months into the pandemic (2020) and 16 months into the pandemic (2021). Procedures were grouped into resident review committee area and totals for each area were used for analysis. Average number of cases and standard deviations were compiled. Percent change was calculated comparing each year to the prepandemic baseline. Statistical significance was determined with Student t tests comparing average number of cases. Coefficients of variation were calculated to assess for changes in interprogram variation. Average case numbers were then compared with minimum case requirements necessary for graduation. Results The Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education graduation case log statistics were available for 238 independent residents. There were no statistically significant differences in average case number for graduating independent residents for total reconstructive breast, trunk, hand and upper extremity, or total reconstructive procedures between graduation years. The average case number of total lower extremity reconstruction increased from 2019 to 2020 (average = 83–97.4, P = 0.02). The average total number of breast aesthetic cases increased between all years (average = 92, 98, 114), with the average increase from 2019 to 2021 being statistically significant (P = 0.02). Differences in head and neck aesthetic deformities and trunk and extremity deformities between years were not statistically significant. The average case number for all graduating plastic surgery independent residents exceeded the minimum case log requirements. Conclusions The temporary hold on elective procedures during the pandemic decreased the opportunity for plastic surgery trainees to meet minimum case log requirements. Case log data for graduating plastic surgery independent residents demonstrate that despite the temporary suspension, the pandemic did not greatly impact the average resident case numbers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A statistically significant increase in total lower extremity reconstructive procedures is seen between 2019 and 2020, but this increase is not paralleled in other reconstructive categories. The authors believe that it is unlikely to be related to the relative increase in trauma experienced during the COVID-19 surge in 2020 8 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

COVID-19 Elective Surgery Shutdown and Operative Experience for Graduating Plastic Surgery Independent Residents

Loughran¹,

Lombardi

Tolaymat

et al. 2022

Ann Plast Surg

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“…These findings are consistent with studies showing a similar pattern across the United States. 15-19…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings are consistent with studies showing a similar pattern across the United States. [15][16][17][18][19] This study has several limitations including that it is a single-center retrospective study with a relatively small sample. There may be insufficient numbers from less deprived socioeconomic groups or over shorter restriction intervals to show statistically significant results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies on firearm violence have focused on more traditional demographics such as age, sex, and particularly race/ethnicity. 5,6,19 Future studies should incorporate comprehensive measures of SDoH in addition to these standard demographics to better understand how and why certain groups are affected by this recent escalation in firearm violence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Firearm Assaults in Communities: The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown

Krzyzaniak

Carroll

Rooney

et al. 2023

The American Surgeon™

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Background Firearm violence has increased nationwide, with recent surges linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. We measured traumatic assault trends at our urban Level I trauma center and assessed rates of firearm violence over time and pre/post local COVID-19 lockdown based on levels of socioeconomic disadvantage. Methods We conducted a retrospective review (2016-2022) of assault patients 16 years and older. Demographics and hospital outcomes were assessed by assault mechanism (firearm, knife, blunt). Patient address was correlated to Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a measure of socioeconomic disadvantage. COVID-19 lockdown onset was defined as initial date of lockdown (3/19/2020). Trend and time-series analyses compared all assault mechanisms and firearm-specific assaults pre/post-lockdown. Poisson regression assessed firearm assault risk. Results Of the 1583 total assaults, firearm patients (n = 335) were younger (median 29 years), had longer hospital stays (median 2 days), and greater mortality (12%) than other mechanisms. The 2 years post-lockdown had significantly more firearm assaults (27% vs 15% pre-lockdown, P < .001) and time-series analysis found this abrupt and significant increase in firearm assaults occurred at lockdown onset (P = .01). Also post-lockdown, the rate of firearm assaults increased by 10% for every unit increase in socioeconomic deprivation (P < .01). There was no change in assault type by race/ethnicity. Discussion Firearm assaults increased dramatically immediately post-COVID lockdown at our center and have maintained higher rates through 2022. Greater ADI was associated with increasing firearm assaults and has magnified post-lockdown, demonstrating lower socioeconomic groups are disproportionately and increasingly affected by firearm violence.

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Impact of socioeconomic status on open globe injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Schulz,

Thomas,

Legocki

et al. 2024

Int Ophthalmol

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The COVID-19 pandemic and associated increases in experiences of assault violence among black men with low socioeconomic status living in Louisiana

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

COVID-19 Elective Surgery Shutdown and Operative Experience for Graduating Plastic Surgery Independent Residents

COVID-19 Elective Surgery Shutdown and Operative Experience for Graduating Plastic Surgery Independent Residents

Firearm Assaults in Communities: The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown

Impact of socioeconomic status on open globe injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic

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