The COVID-19 pandemic and male sex workers who have sex with men: associations between age and race and advertising for work in 2019–2021

Judge, Shana M.; Jackson, Kristopher J.

doi:10.1080/13691058.2022.2092653

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The data presented here suggests a combination of factors might have influenced MSM sex worker advertising during the study period. To date, there are a paucity of reports describing how the multiple—very recent—public health emergencies have impacted MSM sex workers (Judge & Jackson, 2022; Callander et al., 2020). Such inquiry has potential to improve the provision of health care and nursing services to an otherwise hidden, stigmatized population that has, in the wake of both the COVID‐19 and MPX epidemics, been forced to strike a balance between economic stability and personal well‐being.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The illegal, stigmatized nature of sex work makes assessing MSM sex workers’ response to the MPX outbreak uniquely challenging. Given that contemporary MSM sex work has a robust Internet presence, some researchers have leveraged MSM sex worker (MSMSW Internet advertisements to study behavioral patterns amidst global public health emergencies, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic (Judge & Jackson, 2022; Callander et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological study: MSM sex worker advertising amidst Monkeypox in three U.S. cities

Jackson

Buchholz

2023

Public Health Nursing

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The 2022 monkeypox (MPX) outbreak was a source of consternation and stress among men who have sex with men (MSM)—the population disproportionately affected by the recent MPX outbreak. Individuals at high‐risk for MPX (e.g., MSM, sex workers) were prioritized for vaccination during early state and city health department vaccine initiatives across the U.S., but little is known about how the MSM sex work market was affected by the MPX outbreak in U.S. cities where MPX incidence was particularly high. To better characterize the potential relationship between MPX incidence and MSM sex worker advertising at the height of the U.S. MPX outbreak, we monitored advertising volume on an Internet advertising platform popular among MSM sex workers and compared these data to city and county health department MPX case reporting data during a 13‐week period (July 2nd, 2022‐ September 24th, 2022) in three U.S. cities with peak MPX incidence: Chicago, New York City, and San Francisco. In each of these cities, we observed a decline in advertising during or immediately following study week(s) with the highest number of weekly MPX cases during the study period, recognizing that observed decreases in advertising could be attributed to transient increase(s) in advertising during large‐scale LGBT festivals occurring during the study period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological study: MSM sex worker advertising amidst Monkeypox in three U.S. cities

Jackson

Buchholz

2023

Public Health Nursing

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“…Nearly all studies across the world reported on the reduction in work and income for individuals involved in sex work during the COVID-19 pandemic (Aantjes et al, 2023;Azam et al, 2021;Burgos & Del Pino, 2021;Cabras & Ingrasci, 2022;Callander et al, 2022;Chakrapani et al, 2022;Fedorkó et al, 2022;Gbagbo, 2020;Hassan et al, 2023;Judge & Jackson, 2023;Kahambing, 2021;Kavanagh et al, 2021;Laikram & Pathak, 2021;Leyva-Moral et al, 2023;Lamontagne et al, 2022;Machingura et al, 2021;Magnani et al, 2022;Mantell et al, 2021;Matambanadzo et al, 2021;Mlambo & Masuku, 2022;Moura et al, 2022;Museva et al, 2021;Nyabeze et al, 2022;Pearson et al, 2022;Pereira, 2021;Pollard et al, 2021;Richterman et al, 2022;Santos et al, 2022;Shankar et al, 2022;Shekhar, 2023;Singer et al, 2020;Su & Valiquette, 2022;Tan et al, 2021aTan et al, , 2021bTran et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2022;Wirawan et al, 2022).…”

Section: Reduction In Work and Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gichuna et al (2020) reported that sex workers in Kenya with young children were less likely to work during the pandemic as they feared exposing their infants to COVID-19. Judge and Jackson (2023), in an analysis of active online profiles of male sex workers in the USA, found that Black sex workers saw the largest decline in advertising their services online; the odds of a Black male sex worker's profile remaining active during the pandemic were almost 90% lower than the odds for a White sex worker profile. They also found that, after adjusting for race effects, each additional year increase in the advertised age of the sex worker was associated with a 35% increase in the odds of the profile remaining active during the pandemic.…”

Section: Reduction In Work and Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

Struggling, Forgotten, and Under Pressure: A Scoping Review of Experiences of Sex Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2023

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The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected physical, mental, and economic well-being across the globe and has disproportionately affected certain vulnerable groups. This paper provides a scoping review of literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sex workers, published between December 2019 and December 2022. Six databases were systematically searched, identifying 1009 citations; 63 studies were included in the review. Thematic analysis revealed eight main themes: financial issues; exposure to harm; alternate ways of working; COVID-19 knowledge, protective behaviors, fear, and risk; well-being, mental health, and coping; access to support; access to health care; and the impact of COVID-19 on research with sex workers. COVID-associated restrictions led to reduced work and income, leaving many sex workers struggling to cover basic needs; additionally, government protections excluded those working in the informal economy. Fearing the loss of their already reduced number of clients, many felt compelled to compromise both prices and protective measures. Although some engaged in online sex work, this raised concerns about visibility and was impossible for those without technological access or skills. Many feared COVID-19, but felt pressure to continue working, often with clients who refused to wear masks or share exposure history. Other negative impacts on well-being related to the pandemic included reduced access to financial support or health care. Marginalized populations (and especially those in professions which require close contact like sex workers) need further support and capacity-building within the community to recover from the impact of COVID-19.

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Transactional Sex, HIV, and Bacterial STIs Among U.S. Men Who have Sex with Men

Atkins,

Wiginton,

Carpino

et al. 2024

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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The COVID-19 pandemic and male sex workers who have sex with men: associations between age and race and advertising for work in 2019–2021

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Ecological study: MSM sex worker advertising amidst Monkeypox in three U.S. cities

Ecological study: MSM sex worker advertising amidst Monkeypox in three U.S. cities

Struggling, Forgotten, and Under Pressure: A Scoping Review of Experiences of Sex Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Transactional Sex, HIV, and Bacterial STIs Among U.S. Men Who have Sex with Men

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