The COVID-19 Pandemic, Socioeconomic Effects, and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Iran

Fereidooni, Reza; Mootz, Jennifer J.; Sabaei, Rasoul; Khoshnood, Kaveh; St, Heydari; Mj, Moradian; Taherifard, Erfan; Nasirian, Maryam; Hm, Vardanjani

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3752688

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, 25.5% of women had experienced domestic violence for the rst time in their life after the COVID-19 outbreak, with a higher rate for psychological violence (14.7%) in comparison to physical (7%) and sexual violence (8.4%). The prevalence of domestic violence in women older than 50 years, housewives, illiterate women, and low-income families was signi cantly higher than in other groups [13]Regardless of the administered tool to measure domestic violence in these two studies, it seems that, based on the present study's ndings, the prevalence of violence has declined since the early months of the COVID-19 outbreak. However, concerning the variable of age and its association with domestic violence, the ndings of this study are not in line with Fereydony's study; while, Yari et al reported similar results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…Yari et al (2020) reported that at the early COVID-19 outbreak, the prevalence of domestic violence against Iranian women aged 19 to 65 years old was moderate by 57.2% and severe by 26.1% [3]. In addition, the prevalence of violence increased from 54.2%, before the outbreak, to 65.4% [13], indicating the potential role of COVID-19 consequences in domestic violence. Evidence indicates an increased prevalence of social violence during the COVID-19 outbreak, while street quarrels considerably declined following imposed restrictions [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of violence and its association with mental health among the Iranian population in one year after the outbreak of COVID-19 disease

Kamali

Maleki

Yazdi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Objective The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its association with mental health among Iranians older than 15 years in 2020.Methods Data was collected through National Mental Health Survey on 24,584 Iranians older than 15 years in 2020. were analyzed to determine the prevalence of violence and its association with mental health. Multi-stage sampling method was used, and data on demographic characteristics and domestic-social violence and mental health (GHQ-28) were collected. Data analysis was administered using descriptive statistics and chi-square test at 95% level.Results The mean age of participants was 44.18±16.4 years. The overall prevalence of domestic and social violence was 11.4% and 5.5%, respectively. Verbal violence was the most common type; 61.8% and 66.8% for domestic and social violence, respectively. A suspected case of mental disorder, female gender, being younger than 25 years, living apart together, unemployment, low education, and history of COVID-19 infection presented a significant association with domestic and social violence (p>0.05).Conclusion In comparison to the previous study in 2015, the prevalence of violence has increased. Therefore, domestic and social violence are the social concerns of Iranian society, indicating the necessity of appropriate interventions, particularly for those suspected of mental disorders and young women with low education levels.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of violence and its association with mental health among the Iranian population in one year after the outbreak of COVID-19 disease

Kamali

Maleki

Yazdi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Another way the pandemic has affected society is through its effects on employment status and the economy. 29 Because of their low income, economically vulnerable people are more likely to worry about the treatment expenses if they get infected. This explains why economically vulnerable people had more fear of the disease.…”

Section: Death Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and risk factors of death anxiety and fear of COVID‐19 in an Iranian community: A cross‐sectional study

Mani

Fereidooni

Salehi-Marzijarani

et al. 2022

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims COVID‐19 has adversely impacted the public's mental health. One of the causes of psychopathology during the present pandemic is death anxiety and fear of COVID‐19. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of death anxiety and fear of COVID‐19 in Shiraz city, south of Iran. Methods This cross‐sectional study was conducted among 982 participants in Shiraz from October to November 2021. Data were collected using Templer's Death Anxiety Scale and the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale. Trained interviewers collected data throughout different city districts. A data‐driven approach (latent class analysis) was applied to categorize the participants and determine the risk factors. Results Among the participants, 507 (51.6%) were female, and 475 (48.4%) were male. The participants’ mean age was 38.26 ± 15.16 years. Based on the analysis, 259 (26.4%), 512 (52.1%), and 211 (21.5%) participants had low, moderate, and severe levels of death anxiety. Also, 393 (40.06%) and 588 (59.94%) of the participants had low and high levels of fear, respectively. Higher death anxiety was significantly associated with being female, having an associate degree, being retired, share of medical expenditure from total expenditure of more than 10%, having a history of hospital admission due to COVID‐19, history of COVID‐19 in relatives, and having fear of COVID‐19. Also, being female, expenses equal to income, history of hospital admission due to COVID‐19, death in relatives, and higher death anxiety were linked to higher levels of fear of COVID‐19. Conclusions Death anxiety and fear of COVID‐19 are closely associated with each other and affected by various sociodemographic and economic factors. Given this pandemic's unpredictable nature and chronicity, interventions at the community level to support high‐risk groups are crucial.

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“…While there may not be the same barriers to reporting to hotlines as there are with police, they still represent measures of service usage, rather than the actual levels of IPV (Sorenson et al, 2021). Self-report surveys, which are less susceptible to reporting biases, have consistently observed a strong link between pandemic-related stressors and increased likelihood of experiencing violence, especially among women, including from economic consequences (Arenas-Arroyo et al, 2021), the inability to meet financial obligations (Béland et al, 2020), the time spent at home during lockdown (Perez-Vincent et al, 2020) and their partner’s unemployment (Fereidooni et al, 2021) or decrease in income due to COVID-19 (Perez-Vincent et al, 2020). These studies have been constrained in most instances by the absence of comparable baseline data (i.e., most surveys have been conducted after the beginning of the pandemic, and very few have been able to compare with pre-pandemic surveys).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporting to police by intimate partner violence victim-survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic

Morgan

Boxall

Payne

2022

Journal of Criminology

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There is evidence from around the world that rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) recorded by police have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, not all studies or data sources have shown a consistent increase, and it is not clear how these observed trends may have been influenced by changes in the propensity of victim-survivors to contact police during the pandemic. We use data from a large survey of women in Australia drawn from a national online research panel to examine correlates of police reporting and barriers to help-seeking among a subset of respondents who had experienced physical or sexual IPV during the period of the first national lockdown. Victim-survivors were less likely to have contacted police following the most recent incident if the time spent at home with their partner had increased. They were also more likely to say they were unable to safely seek advice or support on at least one occasion. Police were more likely to be contacted by the victim-survivor if they or their partner had lost their job or taken a pay cut, but there was no relationship with changes in financial stress. Results suggest containment measures introduced in response to COVID-19 may have influenced help-seeking behavior among IPV victim-survivors. This needs to be considered when conducting or interpreting studies on the impact of the pandemic on IPV using police data. Proactive responses to support IPV victim-survivors are needed during current and future restrictions and periods of reduced mobility.

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The COVID-19 Pandemic, Socioeconomic Effects, and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Iran

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The prevalence of violence and its association with mental health among the Iranian population in one year after the outbreak of COVID-19 disease

The prevalence of violence and its association with mental health among the Iranian population in one year after the outbreak of COVID-19 disease

The prevalence and risk factors of death anxiety and fear of COVID‐19 in an Iranian community: A cross‐sectional study

Reporting to police by intimate partner violence victim-survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic

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