The crane fly genus Dolichopeza in North America

Byers, George W.

doi:10.5962/bhl.part.9822

Cited by 57 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…These peaks appeared attributable to oviposition by adult chironomids which emerged twice during the study, as indicated by the dramatic seasonal increase in densities of pupating chironomids. This illustrates the importance of bryophytes to adult invertebrates for oviposition, as found by Alexander (1920), Byers (1961), Glime (1968) and Gerson (1972). The use of these plants as egg-laying sites may also explain the often high densities of small instar larvae observed in both this study (Suren 1990) and in others (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Bryophytes as invertebrate habitat in two New Zealand alpine streams

Suren

1991

Freshwater Biology

105

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1. Quantitative samples of lotic benthic invertebrates and associated organic material were taken monthly for 18 months from bryophyte and gravel habitats in two New Zealand alpine streams in Arthur's Pass National Park, South Island; an unshaded site above the tree-line and a shaded stream flowing through mountain beeeh forest. This was to assess the ecological role of bryophytes in these habitats and to determine the relative effects on the fauna of algal and detrital resources.2. Bryophytes were confined to stable bedrock substrata in shallow (mean depth of 4.5 and 10.5cm), fast water (mean velocity of 0.21ms"' and O.SOms"'') at the unshaded and shaded sites. Mean ash-free dry weight (AFDW) of organic material from bryophyte areas was similar at the unshaded and shaded sites (335.6 and 272.4 gm"^). Low stream-bed stability of the gravel areas resulted in poor retention of organic matter, with average AFDW of 59.1 and 77.9gm"^ at the unshaded and shaded sites, respectively. Periphyton biomass, however, was much higher at the unshaded site.3. Within bryophytes, water velodty is redueed and large quantities of periphyton and detritus accumulate. This explains the greatly enhanced invertebrate densities within bryophytes (218400 and 53500 individuals m"^), compared with gravel areas (20900 and 7400 individuals m •^) in the unshaded and shaded sites, respectively. The higher invertebrate densities at the unshaded site reflect greater periphyton biomass there. 4. Invertebrate densities followed clear seasonal patterns, attributable to changes in chironomid densities. These reflected larval ehironomid hatching following adult oviposition. This illustrates the importance of these plants as oviposition sites, and as protective nurseries for small larvae where they can obtain shelter during floods and consume the abundant food sources available to them. 5. DECORANA ordination revealed taxonomically distinct invertebrate communities in each stream, and in bryophytes and gravels. Several taxa appeared restricted to either the unshaded site (e.g. Acroperla spiniger and Hydrobiosis sHvicola) or the shaded site (e.g. Zelolessica 399 400 A.M. Suren cheira, Orchymontia calcarata, Auslrosimulium ungulatum., Austroperla cyrene and a species of Empididae), reflecting the differences in energy input into each stream and the foods these animals consume.6. Repeated associations of certain taxa with bryophytes (e.g. Nematodes, Limonia hudsoni and Zelandoperla sp.) are postulated to reflect enhanced food availability, shelter from currents, and protection during pupation. Absence of certain common New Zealand stream taxa from bryophytes (e.g. the mayflies Nesameletus sp. and Deleatidium sp., and the stonefly Stenoperla prasina) is thought to be due to their inability to either move through tightly interwoven bryophyte stems or to utilize the available food sources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Bryophytes as invertebrate habitat in two New Zealand alpine streams

Suren

1991

Freshwater Biology

105

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“…If morphological constraints confine L. hudsoni larvae to this habitat, then it is presumably advantageous for them to be able to consume as many of the alternative food sources found there as possible, including the bryophytes themselves. Alternatively, tipulid larvae may have evolved a close food-association with bryophytes such that their distribution is constrained to areas where their food occurs (e.g., Alexander 1920;Byers 1961;Prichard 1983;Wyatt& Stonebumer 1989).…”

Section: Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of aquatic bryophytes by alpine stream invertebrates in New Zealand

Suren

Winterbourn

1991

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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represented a less nutritious food source for animals. Avoidance of bryophyte tissues thus reflects a combination of the presence of alternative foods and their low nutritional value; bryophytes may also contain antifcedant compounds.Keywords aquatic bryophytes; invertebrates; feeding; bryophagy; stable carbon analysis; autochthonous; allochthonous; food value; antiherbivore compounds Abstract Gut contents of 23 invertebrate taxa that dwell among bryophytes in two small New Zealand alpine streams with different riparian vegetation were examined. Bryophyte fragments were found in guts of 14 taxa, but only the tipulid Limonia hudsoni and the oeconesid caddisflies Zelandopsyche ingens and Oeconesus similis commonly consumed bryophytes. Bryophyte-dwelling animals consumed more periphyton at the unshaded site or riparian vegetation at the shaded site than did animals dwelling amongst gravels. Stable carbon isotope ratios were compared between selected animals and plants, and indicated that animals in the unshaded site relied primarily on autochthonous detritus, whereas animals from the shaded site relied on allochthonous detritus.

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“…There have been relatively few reports of nematodes associated with the more than 14 000 species of Tipuloidea worldwide and most of these have been thelastomatids, which are gut parasites (see Poinar, 1975). Byers (1983) reported an apparently phoretic association between the snow fly, Chionea alexandriana Garrett, from an abandoned nest of the pack rat, Neotoma cinerea (Ord), in Northern California and an undescribed species of Rhabditis which, as a gravid female, apparently lays an egg mass or wraps itself around the neck of a dispersing fly to gain transportation to the next rat nest. Until recently, Myolaimus was not known to be associated with insects at all (Giblin-Davis, 1997) and was reported mostly in association with moist or aquatic environments and rotting timber or vegetation, including compost piles (Hirschmann, 1952;Paesler, 1956;Andrássy, 1959).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure and life history of Myolaimus byersi n. sp. (Myolaimina: Myolaimidae), a phoretic associate of the crane fly, Limonia schwarzi (Alexander) (Limoniidae), in Florida

Giblin-Davis

Kanzaki

Ley

et al. 2010

Nematol

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Myolaimus byersi n. sp., a phoretic associate of the crane fly, Limonia (Rhipidia) schwarzi (Diptera: Limoniidae), was recovered from moist and decaying tissue from the crown shaft of a living spindle palm, Hyophorbe verschaffeltii, in southern Florida and is described herein. Dauers were carried in the abdominal folds of male and female L. schwarzi. Examination of the highly mobile crane fly larvae and pupae confirmed that the dauers were externally associated with the cuticle. Dauers from crane flies were culturable to adults on 1/20 strength TSB agar. The association appears to be relatively host specific. SEM studies, early embryonic development, dauers, molecular data and TEM ultrastructural comparisons of the stoma, sensory structures and sperm are used to discuss the relative placement of Myolaimus within the Nematoda. The stoma resembles diplogastrids in being strongly anisomorphic with an enlarged dorsal sector of the stegostom, yet also resembles rhabditids in having three triangular flaps in the metastegostom and matches cephalobs and panagrolaims in having a pharyngeal collar with two sets of three interradial muscles followed by two sets of six adradial muscles. The ultrastructure of the cheilostom epidermis shows a high degree of conservation with several Rhabditida. The sperm of M. byersi n. sp. is nearly identical to that of Caenorhabditis elegans. In early cell division, M. byersi n. sp. is closest to Parascaris equorum followed by C. elegans. Myolaimus apparently represents a divergent lineage that has followed a non-coalescing trajectory for a long time, allowing it to retain some highly conserved characters while also developing some surprisingly unique features, such as a baggy cuticle and males that lack a gubernaculum or spicules. Giblin-Davis, 1997). Myolaimus is very interesting because it is the only known free-living nematode that has evolved a unique mating strategy involving the loss of its gubernaculum and spicules (Fürst von Lieven et al., 2005), the copulatory structures used by almost all other male nematodes to anchor and mate with females. In addition, members of the genus possess a uniquely baggy cuticle that drapes loosely around © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010 M. heterurus in

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The crane fly genus Dolichopeza in North America

Cited by 57 publications

References 1 publication

Bryophytes as invertebrate habitat in two New Zealand alpine streams

Bryophytes as invertebrate habitat in two New Zealand alpine streams

Consumption of aquatic bryophytes by alpine stream invertebrates in New Zealand

Ultrastructure and life history of Myolaimus byersi n. sp. (Myolaimina: Myolaimidae), a phoretic associate of the crane fly, Limonia schwarzi (Alexander) (Limoniidae), in Florida

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