The Creation of a Westphalian Rye Market 1820-1870: Leading and Following Regions, a Co-Integration Analysis

Kopsidis, Michael

doi:10.1524/jbwg.2002.43.2.85

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Most closely related to our paper are studies of Germany (Kopsidis 2002;Shiue 2005) and Europe (Persson 1999;Federico 2011), but also research on market integration between North America and Europe (O'Rourke and Williamson 1999;Federico and Persson 2010). This research has examined a wide range of factors behind the observed increase in market integration in the nineteenth century, including transport improvements and changes in monetary regimes (Jacks 2005) and the European demand for wheat from the United States (Uebele 2010).…”

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confidence: 76%

Endogenous Formation of Free Trade Agreements: Evidence from the Zollverein's Impact on Market Integration

Keller¹,

Shiue

2014

J. Econ. Hist.

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The Zollverein was arguably the most important free trade agreement of the Zollverein's establishment, member states joined in a non-random sequence over several of the union increased, and as membership in the union became increasingly important for accessing foreign markets. We incorporate the endogenous effects of accession into an estimate of the economic impact of the Zollverein customs union. Our estimated effects are several times larger than simple estimates that do not take these effects into account.

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confidence: 76%

Endogenous Formation of Free Trade Agreements: Evidence from the Zollverein's Impact on Market Integration

Keller¹,

Shiue

2014

J. Econ. Hist.

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“…Second, there is new evidence that the East was exporting only some particular products (grain) to some particular markets (especially Britain), but hardly to Western parts of Prussia. Recent studies show that during the 19 th century domestic Prussian grain markets stayed highly fragmented (Kopsidis 2002;Uebele 2009). Even after the political unification of Germany in 1871 there is evidence for a high degree of internal fragmentation, especially a strong internal east-west divide in domestic trade in agricultural as well as in other commodities (Wolf 2009).…”

Section: A Brief Review Of the Literature On Prussiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Productivity Across Prussia During the Industrial Revolution: A Thünen Perspective

Kopsidis¹,

Wolf²

2012

J. Econ. Hist.

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This article explores the pattern of land rents and agricultural productivity across nineteenth-century Prussia to gain new insights on the causes of the “Little Divergence” between European regions. We argue that agriculture reacted to urban and industrial development rather than shaping it. In the spirit of Johann von Thünen and Ernst Engel, we develop a theoretical model to test how access to urban demand affected agricultural development. We show that the effect of urban demand is causal and that it is in line with recent findings on a limited degree of interregional market integration in nineteenth-century Prussia.

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“…And third, countries outside of the Zollverein at times liberalized trade between each other. 44 While our analysis incorporates these to some extent, we are far from having complete information on grain protection and liberalization for this 19th century sample. 45 However, the single biggest event in this respect occurred in the third quarter of the 19th century, when many countries liberalized their trade.…”

Section: Institutional and Technological Change Comparedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the "Pervasive Liberalization" speci…cation (7), we assume that the other European countries'policies were identical to that of the Zollverein, respectively the German Reich; we assume that during the years 1853 to 1879, no customs duties existed between any two markets in the sample. For the "Only ZV Liberalization" speci…cation (8), we make the alternative assumption that there were no external customs duties for the Zollverein markets, 44 An example of the …rst is the South German Customs Union between Bavaria and Wurttemberg. It was formed in the year 1828 and lasted until 1833, when both states became part of the Zollverein.…”

Section: Institutional and Technological Change Comparedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutions, Technology, and Trade

Keller

Shiue

2008

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We study the importance of technology and institutions in determining the size of markets in …ve di¤erent countries and …fteen di¤erent German states. The setting of 19th century Europe presents a unique opportunity to address this issue, since it witnessed fundamental change in both dimensions. At the beginning of the century, numerous customs borders, separate currencies with di¤erent monetary systems, and poor transportation facilities were major obstacles that held back trade. Important institutional change, through the Zollverein customs treaties and currency uni…cation, and major technological innovations in the steam train all had a role in increasing market size as measured in terms of the spatial dispersion of grain prices across 68 markets. However, we …nd that the impact of steam trains is substantially larger than the e¤ects from customs liberalizations and currency agreements in increasing market size, where correcting for the potential endogeneity in institutional and technological changes are crucial for this result. We also …nd that a state's institutions in ‡uence the rate of adoption of steam trains, thereby identifying an important indirect e¤ect from institutions on economic performance. The institutional and technological changes account for almost all of the decline in price gaps over this period.

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The Creation of a Westphalian Rye Market 1820-1870: Leading and Following Regions, a Co-Integration Analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Endogenous Formation of Free Trade Agreements: Evidence from the Zollverein's Impact on Market Integration

Endogenous Formation of Free Trade Agreements: Evidence from the Zollverein's Impact on Market Integration

Agricultural Productivity Across Prussia During the Industrial Revolution: A Thünen Perspective

Institutions, Technology, and Trade

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