The creation of portmanteaus in the extragrammatical morphology of Spanish

The role of faithfulness in imperfect overlapping in Korean blends: A nonce word study

“…The corresponding segments, /k/ and /k h /, are not completely identical, but they are considered to be overlapping segments. In this case, faithfulness of segments from both source words was preserved, but a feature identity from one segment (in case of (4a), a fortis feature of the /k/ from the left source word) is violated (McCarthy & Prince, 1995;Piñeros, 2004). The variation of blends with both /k/ and /k h / are shown for (4b).…”

“…The overlapping position and relevant segments from both words are underlined. The phenomenon has been reported in other languages such as Spanish and English (Kelly, 1998;Gries, 2004;Piñeros, 2004 (Kelly, 1998). Imperfect overlapping has been mentioned as a phenomenon related to phonological similarity (Algeo, 1977;Kelly, 1998;Gries, 2004), but has not been studied thoroughly.…”

“…Blending is a word-formation process in which two independent words are merged into a new word with shortening of at least one of the source words (Hebrew (Bat-El, 1996), Spanish (Piñeros, 2004), English (Gries, 2004;Hong, 2005), Korean (Ahn, 2014). One of the main characteristics of blending is overlapping, as in the example 'motel = (motor + hotel),' in which /t/ is a segment from both 'motor' and 'hotel'.…”

“…(1) camp h ociʌm = cam + (si)mp h ociʌm "a symposium that is really boring" ('a sleep'+'a symposium ') 2 Bat-el (1996) and Piñeros (2004) propose output-output correspondence constraints (McCarthy & Prince, 1995) between each source word of a blend and the resultant blend. Subsequently, the faithfulness requirements of each source word, such as segmental or prosodic structure maximization, are in competition.…”

“…In exceptional cases, the resultant blend has one more syllable than the head because more segments from two source words can be preserved; this is possible due to the overlapping segments 'ne' in (3). In order to understand the intended meaning of a blend, both of its source words need to be recovered effectively by language users (Lehrer, 1996;Piñeros, 2004;Bat-El, 2006). Recoverability of the source words is high when their similarity to the blend is high.…”