The Creation of Qatar

Zahlan, Rosemarie Said

doi:10.4324/9781315645575

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Soil samples were collected from 19 different locations across Qatar (Figure 1). Qatar is located between 24 o -27 o N and 50 o -52 o E on the north-eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and occupies a total land surface area of 11,571 km 2 (Zahlan, 2016). Most of the area in Qatar is covered by barren desert, with a highly arid climate and minimal annual rainfall (<100 mm per year) that typically takes place during the winter months (i.e., December-February).…”

Section: Study Area and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal commmunities and their chemical drivers across dryland habitats in Qatar

Adenan¹,

Oja²,

Alatalo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Qatar is largely characterized by a hyper-arid climate and low soil fertility, which combine to create a stressful soil environment for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Here we present a study on AM fungi communities and their relationship to soil chemical characteristics. We used high-throughput seqeuncing technique for identifying AM fungal diversity and community composition from different habitat types across Qatar. We found 127 AM fungal taxa, of which majority wee members of the family Glomeraceae. In contrast to what was hypothesized, AM fungi were mainly influenced by soil phosphorous and potassium. Chemical soil properties explained 76% of the variation in AM fungi between locations. The lowest AM fungal diversity was observed in barren areas and sand dunes, possibly due to low bioavailability of total nitrogen, while the highest diversity was observed in well-developed grass patches. Present AM fungi in Qatar were not affected by soil and pH; these fungi have likely been exposed to high salinities through their evolutionary history in the region, favoring resistant AM fungi through natural selection. These findings provide baseline information on AM fungal assemblages from the Arabian Peninsula, and thus contribute to better understanding of global patterns of AM fungi and their chemical drivers.

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Section: Study Area and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal commmunities and their chemical drivers across dryland habitats in Qatar

Adenan¹,

Oja²,

Alatalo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The Qatar people are believed to be descendants of ancient Arabian tribes who migrated to the peninsula between the 17th and early 19 th centuries CE. Qatar signed an agreement with the British government in 1868 establishing Qatar as a country under British protection (Toth, 1994;Zahlan, 1979), and it continued as a British protectorate until 1971 (Zahlan, 1979). Oil discovered in Qatar in 1939 has, since the 1950s, brought increasing oil revenues, prosperity, and social progress (Zahlan, 1979).…”

Section: Study Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of an American Branch-Campus Model of Higher Education: Qatar’s Early Goals, Rationales, and Challenges

Walsh¹

2019

AJE

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This study presents original research findings of a qualitative study of Qatar's international higher-education branch-campus model, which in 2016 hosted 11 international branch campuses, among the most of any country then. Few studies have examined the rationales, goals, and challenges of the branch-campus model from a host country's perspective. This paper asks two central questions: 1) Why did Qatar partner with six North American universities to establish six international branch campuses between 2001and 2008 and 2) what were the challenges during the early years of operations from the Qatari and branchcampus leadership perspectives? This study's primary data-collection method was face-toface, open-ended interviews. I interviewed 18 participants in Qatar and recruited based on potential participants' positions relative to the establishment, oversight, and governance of the six branch campuses. I also included executives and directors from the government of Qatar, Qatar Foundation, and leadership of the six branch campuses. I used extant documents, such as annual reports, strategic plans, government reports, speeches, and popular-media articles as additional data sources. Findings included rationales and goals related to pedagogy, sociocultural development, societal engagement, development of research capacity, and Qatar's status as a leader and driver of change in the Arab Gulf region and beyond. Challenges included sociocultural issues, tensions between the international branch-campus leaderships and their home institutions, and conflicting expectations between the branch campuses and Qatar Foundation. These findings include in-depth and new insights into host-country goals and aspirations, and challenges experienced by U.S. and host-country partners, and how these challenges have been addressed.

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“…Only two Bedouin tribes are considered indigenous Qatari tribes: the large Bni Hajar, and Al-Kabaan, which was a relatively unimportant tribe. Nonetheless, they had branches outside Qatar, Bin Hajar in Ehssa and Al-Kabaan in Bahrain (Zahlan 1979).…”

Section: Qatari Identity: a Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soon after moving from the desert at Al-Ashayqir to the Qatari coastal towns, as a result of their trading and pearl fishing, they became well-known among the Qatari tribes for their modernisation and development (Al-Abdulla 2006). Their economic activity gave them social and economic status above other Qatari tribes (Zahlan 1979), as did their alliances with the Ottomans and British, even though they were not large in number (Al-Abdulla 2006). Perhaps this is the main reason there is huge emphasis nowadays in Qatar on the Bedouin culture and heritage, which the ruling family encourages.…”

Section: Qatari Identity: a Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Presentation of Qatari Identity at National Museum of Qatar: Between Imagination and Reality

Al-Hammadi¹

2018

Journal of Conservation and Museum Studies

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Introduction Recently, national museums have mushroomed in the Arabian Gulf to become a regional phenomenon. Evident within this phenomenon is the intention of the Arabian Gulf countries to exhibit their national identities, a challenging process in terms of representing the diverse national communities; such a focus reflects the important roles that museums play in the politics of culture. In the Arabian Gulf, museums are principally founded and financed by the state, which makes the state the main architect and policy-maker of the museums' ideologies. States in the Gulf refer precisely to the power and interest of the ruling families; therefore, the ruling family in Qatar has full sovereignty and ultimate authority over museums and national cultural representation policies. Cultural representation and museums in Qatar thus follow the ruling family's interests, who initiate policies that support them by connecting loyalty to the state with loyalty to the ruling family. This is the case especially if we consider that since its establishment in 2005, the head of the Museums Authority in Qatar has been HE Sheikha Al Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, the sister of the current Emir. Furthermore, the organisation of Qatar Museums is supervised directly by the Emiri Diwan, the seat of Government, which is unlike other organisations in Qatar. This article discusses the concept and challenges of presenting a single Qatari identity within the forthcoming National Museum of Qatar, due to open in 2019, a concept that assumes that Qataris traditionally lived a dual lifestyle as one people, moving seasonally between the sea and desert. This single-identity concept and its assumed presentation at the National Museum was first developed by a political scientist based in Qatar, Jocelyn Sage-Mitchell, in a paper entitled 'We're all Qataris here: the Nation-Building Narrative of the National Museum of Qatar' (2016), and has been subsequently discussed at academic workshops; the National Museum itself has not disclosed its approach to the narrative of Qatari identity. Therefore, this paper considers whether such a theoretical presentation of identity is a good fit for the complex reality of Qatari identity, and what might the challenges be if the National Museum followed this approach. The National Museum of Qatar Since 2007, the Qatar National Museum has been under undergoing redevelopment as the new National Museum of Qatar (NMoQ), designed by the French architect, Jean Nouvel. The NMoQ project is scheduled to open in April 2019 with a series of galleries representing different aspects of Qatar's history and heritage. The Museum is the vision of the Father Emir, HH Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and his daughter, the Chairperson of the Qatar Museums, HE Sheikha Al Mayassa. The new architecture is built around the historic palace of the previous ruler, Sheikh Abdulla bin Jassim Al Thani (1913-1948), which also housed the old Qatar National Museum (1975-2007) in a renovation that won the Agha Khan Prize for Architecture. ...

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The Creation of Qatar

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Diversity and structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal commmunities and their chemical drivers across dryland habitats in Qatar

Diversity and structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal commmunities and their chemical drivers across dryland habitats in Qatar

Establishment of an American Branch-Campus Model of Higher Education: Qatar’s Early Goals, Rationales, and Challenges

Presentation of Qatari Identity at National Museum of Qatar: Between Imagination and Reality

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