“…While Hille and Oelker (2023) and Lu and Zhang (2022) offered evidence of the positive impacts of quotas on RE innovation, Clancy and Moschini (2018), Hille et al (2020), and Nicolli and Vona (2016) found that this impact is insignificant. Regarding the influence of emission trading systems on RE innovation, existing research indicates that these systems stimulate RE innovation (Cai & Ye, 2022; Calel, 2020; Lucena‐Giraldo et al, 2022; Qi et al, 2021; Yao et al, 2021). Nevertheless, the work by Calel and Dechezleprêtre (2016) revealed that this positive impact is specific to regulated firms and hence not universally applicable to all firms.…”