The Crimp of Cotton Fibers

Alexander, E.; Lewin, Menachem; Litav, Yvette; Peres, H.; Shiloh, M.

doi:10.1177/004051756203201104

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…plumules stick together as a mass (Carlsen ); in natural polymer fibers it is determined by the presence of surface scales (e.g. wool) or the crimp of cotton fibers (Alexander et al ). Despite the logical relevance of cohesion to the functionality of the down mass, to our knowledge this property has not been previously investigated within the context of feathers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Contributions of feather microstructure to eider down insulation properties

D’Alba

Carlsen

Ásgeirsson

et al. 2017

Journal of Avian Biology

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Insulation is an essential component of nest structure that helps provide incubation requirements for birds. Many species of waterfowl breed in high latitudes where rapid heat loss can necessitate a high energetic input from parents and use down feathers to line their nests. Common eider Somateria mollissima nest down has exceptional insulating properties but the microstructural mechanisms behind the feather properties have not been thoroughly examined. Here, we hypothesized that insulating properties of nest down are correlated to down feather (plumule) microstructure. We tested the thermal efficiency (fill power) and cohesion of plumules from nests of two Icelandic colonies of wild common eiders and compared them to properties of plumules of wild greylag goose Anser anser. We then used electron microscopy to examine the morphological basis of feather insulating properties. We found that greylag goose down has higher fill power (i.e. traps more air) but much lower cohesion (i.e. less prone to stick together) compared to common eider down. These differences were related to interspecific variation in feather microstructure. Down cohesion increased with the number of barbule microstructures (prongs) that create strong points of contact among feathers. Eider down feathers also had longer barbules than greylag goose down feathers, likely increasing their air‐trapping capacity. Feather properties of these two species might reflect the demands of their contrasting evolutionary history. In greylag goose, a temperate, terrestrial species, plumule microstructure may optimize heat trapping. In common eiders, a diving duck that nests in arctic and subarctic waters, plumule structure may have evolved to maximize cohesion over thermal insulation, which would both reduce buoyancy during their foraging dives and enable nest down to withstand strong arctic winds.

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confidence: 99%

Contributions of feather microstructure to eider down insulation properties

D’Alba

Carlsen

Ásgeirsson

et al. 2017

Journal of Avian Biology

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“…The results showed that Deltapine fibers were more entangled since the force required to separate them was significantly higher on average. Alexander et al studied the crimp recovery of the same cotton varieties [88][89][90]. They reported that the crimp recovery of fibers after multiple extension cycles consisted of both the immediate elastic recovery part and the irreversible part.…”

Section: Studies On Cotton Fiber Frictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Frictional Properties of Cotton Fibers: A Review

Hosseinali

Thomasson

2018

Fibers

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This review discusses the important concept of cotton fiber friction at both the macro-and nanoscale. First, the technological importance of fiber friction and its role in fiber breakage during fiber processing is discussed. Next, previous studies on frictional properties of cotton fibers are reviewed and different experimental procedures to measure friction between fibers or against another surface are evaluated. Friction models developed to explain friction process during various experimental procedures are considered and their limitations are discussed. Since interpretation of friction processes at the macroscale can be challenging (mainly due to difficulties in analyzing the multiple asperities in contact), a separate section is devoted to surveying studies on the emerging field of single-asperity friction experiments with atomic force microscope (AFM). Special attention is given to studies on nanoscale frictional characteristics of rough viscoelastic surfaces (e.g., plant cuticular biopolymers and cotton fibers). Due to the close relationship between friction and adhesion hysteresis at the nanoscale, adhesion studies with AFM on viscoelastic surfaces are also reviewed. Lastly, recommendations are made for future research in the field of frictional properties of cotton fibers.

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“…Studies of the methods of measuring and defining crimp have been made by Alexander et al [4][5][6] and more recently by Bauer-Kurz et al [7].…”

Section: Crimpmentioning

confidence: 99%