The Crisis of Food Insecurity in African Cities

Crush, Jonathan; Frayne, Bruce; Pendleton, Wade

doi:10.1080/19320248.2012.702448

Cited by 99 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In a recent (2008), survey of southern African cities only 53% of households were receiving regular income from formal employment, while 25% reported receiving income from highly variable casual labour (Crush & Fayne, 2010). Often it is purchasing power or proximity to markets that affects the access of households to food rather than absolute shortages (Crush et al, 2012). A steep rise in global food prices from [2007][2008], and an increasing dominance of private sector food provision as privately owned businesses increase in number, have exacerbated the vulnerability of global urban populations to food insecurity (Crush & Frayne, 2010;Hospes & Hadiprayitno, 2010).…”

Section: Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This high level of insecurity was created after the collapse of the city"s largest mining company, GECAMINES, and a sudden loss of employment opportunities in the city (Tambwe et al, 2011). Table 2 shows the state of food insecurity in selected southern African cities and indicates that food insecurity is a serious issue (Crush, Frayne, & Pendleton, 2012). Crush, Frayne and Pendleton, 2012 The production of food is particularly important for urban households as food in the city might be financially affordable, but spatially inaccessible, depending on the location of markets relative to households, or it may be too expensive for purchase as income in cities can be unpredictable.…”

Section: Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 shows the state of food insecurity in selected southern African cities and indicates that food insecurity is a serious issue (Crush, Frayne, & Pendleton, 2012). Crush, Frayne and Pendleton, 2012 The production of food is particularly important for urban households as food in the city might be financially affordable, but spatially inaccessible, depending on the location of markets relative to households, or it may be too expensive for purchase as income in cities can be unpredictable. In a recent (2008), survey of southern African cities only 53% of households were receiving regular income from formal employment, while 25% reported receiving income from highly variable casual labour (Crush & Fayne, 2010).…”

Section: Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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“…Over time, rapid in-migration has led to increasing rates of poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition in some urban areas (Haddad et al 1999;Crush et al 2012). It's possible that sanitation emerges as a problem with the increased population density which accompanies urbanization, increasing the risk of child malnutrition and exposure to diseases which thrive with poor sanitation (Spears 2013), most notably in the largest and fastest-growing slums (Kimani-Murage et al 2014).…”

Section: Potential Drawbacks Of Urbanization For Urban Residentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization, market development and malnutrition in farm households: evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys, 1986–2011

Darrouzet-Nardi

Masters

2015

Food Sec.

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A principal effect of agricultural productivity growth is to accelerate urbanization by supplying food, labor and other resources to urban services and industry. Towns and cities may also grow for their own reasons, pulling food and resources out of rural areas. Whether pushed or pulled, the development of markets creates new opportunities for agricultural households. This study tests whether, on balance, proximity to older towns and cities has improved or worsened malnutrition among farm households in 43,850 survey clusters in 46 developing countries between 1986 and 2011, using 83 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) combined with other geographic and historical data. Controlling for national income, we find that regions with a longer history of urbanization have children with higher weight-for-height and heightfor-age z-scores at a wide range of national income levels. We also find a higher prevalence of overweight among mothers living near older cities. These results suggest that, on average, access to urban markets has reduced rural child stunting and wasting in the surveyed countries, but also increased the risks of overweight for children and adult women. These results motivate the need to guide agricultural market development in ways that promote improved nutrition while limiting the rise of diet-related disease.

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“…The role of 'human dimensions' , political economy and 'power' relations should not be ignored when examining the very important linkages and 'nexus' between climate change, global environmental change, globalisation, agriculture, food security and the growing 'hot spots' of global environmental change in various African urban and peri-urban centres. [23][24][25][26][27][28] Climate change does not occur in a vacuum and the impacts are therefore not imprinted on a blank, neutral canvas. Some emerging concerns are profiled below.…”

Section: Impacts On Agriculture Food Production and Sheriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human health impacts in a changing South African climate

et al. 2014

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Projections show that the impacts of a changing climate in Africa will vary by region, and that southern Africa will experience, on average, a warming of approximately 2°C higher than the predicted average global increase by the end of the century, with possible changes in the frequency and intensity of rainfall across various regions. These temperature and rainfall changes may lead to serious challenges when compounded by local vulnerabilities. A high burden of existing diseases, in particular HIV/AIDS, poverty, water and food insecurity, and often inadequate public health services, increase the vulnerability to climate-related health threats. The latest findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) [1] confirm that the largest human health risks caused by climate change will be among communities and populations currently most affected by climate-related diseases. It is clear that human influences have led to the warming climate currently being experienced, which will continue into the future. Extreme weather events and Arctic ice loss, among other changes, have resulted from an estimated average temperature rise of just less than 1°C since the turn of the 20th century (similar information is not available for South Africa (SA)). Unless an immediate and concerted effort is made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, future threats of further global warming, i.e. a rise in sea level, loss of biodiversity, exacerbation of climate-related diseases, will continue to increase.In southern Africa, the need for more focused research and intervention, control and eradication of vector-and water-borne diseases, respiratory conditions and cardiovascular illnesses, among others, is paramount. While a number of other factors including governance and better and more critical health-focused research are needed, it is clear that an integrated, multidisciplinary and co-ordinated response is required to curb the health risks projected from future climate changes. This article considers these health risks in the SA context, highlighting areas that need special attention. A South African perspectiveFor SA, empirical evidence from regionally measured temperatures in recent decades shows that the rate of increase in annual maximum and minimum temperatures has been rising.[2] Based on sophisticated climate model ensembles, including the General Circulation Model projections and relevant downscaling of these models to more localised situations, climate projections for SA and the rest of Africa indicate a future warming in temperature of >2°C than the global average. [2,3] Given such changes, there will probably be significant health consequences for climate-related diseases and subsequently the quality of life for South Africans. Table 1 shows the top ten causes of death in SA, based on the most recent data for this type of analysis. A quadruple burden of disease is evident, with HIV/AIDS, chronic diseases, poverty-related conditions and injuries appearing as the leading causes of mortality. Climate change may increase...

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The Crisis of Food Insecurity in African Cities

Cited by 99 publications

References 43 publications

Empowering Freetown’s women farmers

Empowering Freetown’s women farmers

Urbanization, market development and malnutrition in farm households: evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys, 1986–2011

Human health impacts in a changing South African climate

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