“…Also, YPAR can cultivate cultural and ethnic identity, such as in the “Youth Freedom Scholars” program, in which youth engaged in YPAR through African knowledge systems (Lozenski, 2016; 2019). Relatedly, YPAR promotes critical consciousness (Cammarota, 2011; Cammarota & Romero, 2011; Lac, 2019), for instance, as seen in studies of YPAR with youth involved in the juvenile justice system (Desai, 2019). In addition, YPAR can encourage youth agency and connection to social movements (Anyon et al, 2018; Caraballo et al, 2017; Cushing-Leubner & Eik, 2018; Mirra et al, 2015; Zaal & Ayala, 2013).…”