The critical power and related whole-body bioenergetic models

Morton, R. Hugh

doi:10.1007/s00421-005-0088-2

Cited by 160 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Because CT represents the asymptote of the torque-duration relationship, the model predicts that, below CT, fatigue and, by extension, exhaustion should not occur (37,39). Indeed, from the trials above CT presented in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The curvature constant parameter, W=, is thought to reflect a finite energy store that is utilized at a rate proportional to the difference between the target torque and the CT (for review, see Refs. 29,34,39). Recent evidence demonstrates that, during knee extensor exercise performed above the critical power, muscle metabolites associated with peripheral fatigue change progressively until task failure (33), at a rate proportional to the difference between the prevailing work rate and the critical power (52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The asymptote of this relationship has been termed the critical power or critical torque (CT) (13,28; for reviews, see Refs. 29,34,39). Theoretically, contractions performed below the CT should be fatigueless, and task failure should not occur (37), whereas, above the CT, the mechanisms of fatigue should be common to all trials performed, allowing the time to exhaustion to be predicted precisely (13,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Distinct profiles of neuromuscular fatigue during muscle contractions below and above the critical torque in humans

Burnley

Vanhatalo

Jones

2012

Journal of Applied Physiology

176

260

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Burnley M, Vanhatalo A, Jones AM. Distinct profiles of neuromuscular fatigue during muscle contractions below and above the critical torque in humans. J Appl Physiol 113: 215-223, 2012. First published May 3, 2012 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00022.2012Whether the transition in fatigue processes between "low-intensity" and "high-intensity" contractions occurs gradually, as the torque requirements are increased, or whether this transition occurs more suddenly at some identifiable "threshold", is not known. We hypothesized that the critical torque (CT; the asymptote of the torqueduration relationship) would demarcate distinct profiles of central and peripheral fatigue during intermittent isometric quadriceps contractions (3-s contraction, 2-s rest). Nine healthy men performed seven experimental trials to task failure or for up to 60 min, with maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) performed at the end of each minute. The first five trials were performed to determine CT [ϳ35-55% MVC, denoted severe 1 (S1) to severe 5 (S5) in ascending order], while the remaining two trials were performed 10 and 20% below the CT (denoted CT-10% and CT-20%). Dynamometer torque and the electromyogram of the right vastus lateralis were sampled continuously. Peripheral and central fatigue was determined from the fall in potentiated doublet torque and voluntary activation, respectively. Above CT, contractions progressed to task failure in ϳ3-18 min, at which point the MVC did not differ from the target torque (S1 target, 88.7 Ϯ 4.3 N·m vs. MVC, 89.3 Ϯ 8.8 N·m, P ϭ 0.94). The potentiated doublet fell significantly in all trials, and voluntary activation was reduced in trials S1-S3, but not trials S4 and S5. Below CT, contractions could be sustained for 60 min on 17 of 18 occasions. Both central and peripheral fatigue developed, but there was a substantial reserve in MVC torque at the end of the task. The rate of global and peripheral fatigue development was four to five times greater during S1 than during CT-10% (change in MVC/change in time S1 vs. CT-10%: Ϫ7.2 Ϯ 1.4 vs. Ϫ1.5 Ϯ 0.4 N·m·min Ϫ1 ). These results demonstrate that CT represents a critical threshold for neuromuscular fatigue development. central and peripheral fatigue; maximal voluntary contraction; muscle stimulation; exercise

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct profiles of neuromuscular fatigue during muscle contractions below and above the critical torque in humans

Burnley

Vanhatalo

Jones

2012

Journal of Applied Physiology

176

260

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“…Power-duration principles [237][238][239][240][241] dictate that the work-rate to be used must be above CP (see supplementary material, 2.2 and fig. 8).…”

Section: Utility Of Exercise Testing In Defining Responses To Intervementioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations on the use of exercise testing in clinical practice

Palange¹,

Ward²,

Carlsen³

et al. 2006

Eur Respir J

562

390

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Evidence-based recommendations on the clinical use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in lung and heart disease are presented, with reference to the assessment of exercise intolerance, prognostic assessment and the evaluation of therapeutic interventions (e.g. drugs, supplemental oxygen, exercise training). A commonly used grading system for recommendations in evidence-based guidelines was applied, with the grade of recommendation ranging from A, the highest, to D, the lowest.For symptom-limited incremental exercise, CPET indices, such as peak O 2 uptake (V9O 2 ), V9O 2 at lactate threshold, the slope of the ventilation-CO 2 output relationship and the presence of arterial O 2 desaturation, have all been shown to have power in prognostic evaluation. In addition, for assessment of interventions, the tolerable duration of symptom-limited high-intensity constant-load exercise often provides greater sensitivity to discriminate change than the classical incremental test. Field-testing paradigms (e.g. timed and shuttle walking tests) also prove valuable.In turn, these considerations allow the resolution of practical questions that often confront the clinician, such as: 1) ''When should an evaluation of exercise intolerance be sought?''; 2) ''Which particular form of test should be asked for?''; and 3) ''What cluster of variables should be selected when evaluating prognosis for a particular disease or the effect of a particular intervention?''

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“…The approach of optimal control in combination with more sophisticated constraints for power output is used in the studies of Dahmen [10] and Dahmen et al [11]. Their -parameter model, constraining power output, is a modification of the -parameter critical power model [12]. By computing a field of optimal pacing strategies, Dahmen [13] shows the applicability of optimal pacing strategies for unpredictable circumstances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing bioenergetic models for the optimisation of pacing strategy in road cycling

2014

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PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in Sports Engineering. This paper has been peerreviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination.Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Sundström, D., Carlsson, P., Tinnsten, M. (2014) Comparing bioenergetic models for the optimisation of pacing strategy in road cycling. Sports Engineering AbstractRoad cycling performance is dependent on race tactics and pacing strategy. To optimise the pacing strategy for any race performed with no drafting, a numerical model was introduced, one that solves equations of motion while minimising the finishing time by varying the power output along the course. The power output was constrained by two different hydraulic models: the simpler critical power model for intermittent exercise (CPIE) and the more sophisticated Margaria-Morton model (M-M). These were compared with a constant power strategy (CPS). The simulation of the three different models was carried out on a fictional 75 kg cyclist, riding a 2,000 m course. This resulted in finishing times of 162.4 s, 155.8 s and s and speed variances of 0.58 %, 0.26 % and 0.29 % for the CPS, CPIE and M-M simulations respectively. Furthermore, the average power output was 469.7 W, 469.7 W and 469.1 W for the CPS, CPIE and M-M simulations respectively. The M-M model takes more physiological phenomena into consideration compared to the CPIE model and therefore contributes to an optimised pacing strategy that is more realistic. Therefore, the M-M model might be more suitable for future studies on optimal pacing strategy, despite the relatively slower finishing time.

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The critical power and related whole-body bioenergetic models

Cited by 160 publications

References 108 publications

Distinct profiles of neuromuscular fatigue during muscle contractions below and above the critical torque in humans

Distinct profiles of neuromuscular fatigue during muscle contractions below and above the critical torque in humans

Recommendations on the use of exercise testing in clinical practice

Comparing bioenergetic models for the optimisation of pacing strategy in road cycling

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