The cross-reactivity of the enterovirus 71 to human brain tissue and identification of the cross-reactivity related fragments

Jia, Chun Shi; Liu, Jiang Ning; Li, Wan Bo; Mei, Chun; Lin, Shu Zhu; Hao, Yi; Gao, Xue Zhong; Liu, Xiao Lin; Xu, Yan; Zhang, Lian Feng; Qin, Chuan

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-7-47

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Four strong cross-reactivity inducing peptides between EV71 and human brain tissue were identified and two of them locate at VP2 and VP1, which may be responsible for the pathogenesis post infection [42], [47]. Several linear T-cell and B-cell epitopes of EV71 have been identified by different groups [9], [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection against Enterovirus 71 with Neutralizing Epitope Incorporation within Adenovirus Type 3 Hexon

Tian

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease with high mortality among children. Various neutralizing B cell epitopes of EV71 have been identified as potential vaccine candidates. Capsid-incorporation of antigens into adenovirus (Ad) has been developed for a novel vaccine approach. We constructed Ad3-based EV71 vaccine vectors by incorporating a neutralizing epitope SP70 containing 15 amino acids derived from capsid protein VP1 of EV71 within the different surface-exposed domains of the capsid protein hexon of Ad3EGFP, a recombinant adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein. Thermostability and growth kinetic assays suggested that the SP70 epitope incorporation into hypervariable region (HVR1, HVR2, or HVR7) of the hexon did not affect Ad fitness. The SP70 epitopes were thought to be exposed on all hexon-modified intact virion surfaces. Repeated administration of BALB/c mice with the modified Ads resulted in boosting of the anti-SP70 humoral immune response. Importantly, the modified Ads immunization of mother mice conferred protection in vivo to neonatal mice against the lethal EV71 challenge, and the modified Ads-immunized mice serum also conferred passive protection against the lethal challenge in newborn mice. Compared with the recombinant GST-fused SP70 protein immunization, immunization with the Ads containing SP70 in HVR1 or HVR2 elicited higher SP70-specific IgG titers, higher neutralization titers, and conferred more effective protection to neonatal mice. Thus, this study provides valuable information for hexon-modified Ad3 vector development as a promising EV71 vaccine candidate and as an epitope-delivering vehicle for other pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection against Enterovirus 71 with Neutralizing Epitope Incorporation within Adenovirus Type 3 Hexon

Tian

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…Human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD) for viral propagation were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), as previously described [37]. Four C4 EV71 strains were isolated from patients in China in 2008 by two passages, with the clinical specimens purified in RD cells (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing myositis causes restrictive hypoventilation in a mouse model for human enterovirus 71 infection

Xiu¹,

Zhu²,

et al. 2013

Virol J

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BackgroundEnterovirus 71 (EV71) infections are associated with a high prevalence of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and occasionally cause lethal complications. Most infections are self-limiting. However, resulting complications, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, poliomyelitis-like acute flaccid paralysis, and neurological pulmonary edema or hemorrhage, are responsible for the lethal symptoms of EV71 infection, the pathogenesis of which remain to be clarified.ResultsIn the present study, 2-week-old Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were infected with a mouse-adapted EV71 strain. These infected mice demonstrated progressive paralysis and died within 12 days post infection (d.p.i.). EV71, which mainly replicates in skeletal muscle tissues, caused severe necrotizing myositis. Lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues were not observed.ConclusionsNecrotizing myositis of respiratory-related muscles caused severe restrictive hypoventilation and subsequent hypoxia, which could explain the fatality of EV71-infected mice. This finding suggests that, in addition to CNS injury, necrotic myositis may also be responsible for the paralysis and death observed in EV71-infected mice.

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“…EV71 was initially isolated from the brain of a patient in California in 1969 (2), and it was found to trigger cytopathic effect and cellular apoptosis after infecting microvascular endothelial cells, Jurkat T cells and neuronal cells (3)(4)(5). EV71 was one of the major causes of a hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) epidemic associated with neurological sequelae (6)(7)(8)(9). Previously, Du et al reported that EV71 induced SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells apoptosis by stimulation of endogenous microRNA let-7b expression (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sophocarpine against enterovirus 71 in vitro

Jin

Yang

Ding³

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Sophocarpine (SCA) is a bioactive alkaloid present in Sophoraflavescens Ait. The present study demonstrated that SCA inhibited enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in Vero cells. The results indicated that the 50% cytotoxicity concentration of SCA for Vero cells was 1,346 µg/ml, and the 50% inhibition concentration of SCA against EV71 was 350 µg/ml. SCA produced a marked inhibitory effect against EV71 when the Vero cells were treated with SCA prior to infection with the virus. Additionally, SCA was effective against EV71 when the Vero cells were infected with EV71 (100xTCID 50 ) that had been treated with SCA for 2 h, and was effective when the Vero cells were infected with EV71 (100xTCID 50 ) at 37˚C under 5% CO 2 for 2 h prior to treatment with SCA for 2 h. SCA was demonstrated to inhibit the attachment and penetration of EV71 and was more effective at inhibiting attachment. The assay additionally verified that SCA suppressed the replication of viral genomic RNA and indicated that SCA may inhibit EV71 infection in vitro.

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The cross-reactivity of the enterovirus 71 to human brain tissue and identification of the cross-reactivity related fragments

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Protection against Enterovirus 71 with Neutralizing Epitope Incorporation within Adenovirus Type 3 Hexon

Protection against Enterovirus 71 with Neutralizing Epitope Incorporation within Adenovirus Type 3 Hexon

Necrotizing myositis causes restrictive hypoventilation in a mouse model for human enterovirus 71 infection

Sophocarpine against enterovirus 71 in vitro

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