The crosslinking of eutectic mixtures of bismaleimides

Pritchard, Geoffrey; Swan, Martin

doi:10.1016/0014-3057(93)90105-o

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Extensive research has been undertaken for enhancing the toughness of BMIs by reducing the crosslink density in neat resin systems. Methods include the addition of reactive elastomers,6 Michael addition chain reactions,1, 7 copolymerization with allyl‐terminated copolymers,8, 9 eutectic mixtures,10 and modification with thermoplastics 11, 12. In some cases, commercial formulations have been made by a combination of these methods 3, 13.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic study of the curing behavior of bismaleimide modified with diallylbisphenol A

Xiong

Boey

Rath

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The curing kinetics of bismaleimide modified with diallylbisphenol A were investigated for different ratios of 1,1Ј-(methylene di-4,1-phenylene) bismaleimide and diallylbisphenol A with differential scanning calorimetry. Multiheating-rate and isothermal methods were used to study the kinetics of the curing process. The results indicated that the activation energy changed with the extent of conversion. The activation energy obtained by the multiheating-rate method was higher than that obtained by the isothermal method. Two kinetic models (autocatalytic and nth-order) were successfully used to model the curing process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic study of the curing behavior of bismaleimide modified with diallylbisphenol A

Xiong

Boey

Rath

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The thermal stability of PP (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) was investigated by TGA, in dynamic conditions (Table 4) and isothermal conditions at the temperature of 275 • C and 325 • C, respectively ( Figure 4). As shown in Figure 4, the thermal stability of prepolymers PP(4-6) decreases with the increasing of DDM:BMI ratio of prepolymers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structure of the polymer thus results from reactions of addition of low-molar-mass, soluble, and meltable prepolymers that are transformed into a three-dimensional, cross-linked and unmeltable system by a heat treatment. The diamine comonomer, a nucleophilic agent, then reacts on reactive maleimide functions via a Michael addition reaction (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) at the same time as allowing chain elongation that depends on the stoichiometry chosen. The homopolymerization reaction of residual maleimide groups can then occur by simply raising the temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Characterization of Polyaminobismaleimide Prepolymers

Gaina¹,

Găină²,

Sava³

2001

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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Polyaminobismaleimide prepolymers were obtained by a Michael addition reaction of a 4,4 -diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) to 4,4 -bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BMI) by melt polymerization, in various molar ratios of DDM:BMI. The thermal parameters of the polyaddition reaction and the thermal polymerization were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DDM:BMI molar ratio and the reaction time influence the residual amine groups and number-average molecular weight (M n ).

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“…The low melting, amorphous resin blend comprises bis(4-maleimidophenyl)methane (55%), 1,5-bismaleimidotoluene (30%), and 1,6-bismaleimido-2,2'-dimethyl-4-methylhexane (15%) and displays low viscosity at 110C. The reactivity of this system was studied in detail by Pritchard and Swan [23]. Whilst the base polymer blend was not especially tough, it was formulated for combination with reactive toughening agents, e.g.…”

Section: Conventional 'First Generation' Bmi Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern advances in bismaleimide resin technology: A 21st century perspective on the chemistry of addition polyimides

Iredale¹,

Ward

Hamerton

2017

Progress in Polymer Science

242

152

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Hamerton, E-mail: ian.hamerton@bristol.ac.uk This review is respectfully and affectionately dedicated to Dr Horst D Stenzenberger, who has been an inspirational figure in modern BMI chemistry, always happy to share his extensive knowledge of this field. ABSTRACT:The chemistry of bismaleimides (BMIs), their blends and copolymers is reviewed critically with particular emphasis placed on the development of the field after 1990, which was marked by several comprehensive review articles. A general introduction to the structure property relationships of BMIs is presented, outlining the development of the preparative chemistry, and the early strategies adopted to address the inherent brittleness of the cured 'first generation' BMI polymers. 'Second generation', diallylbisphenol-toughened BMIs, form the basis of the benchmark commercial systems, and the polymerization mechanism is discussed. The current review is placed in context, addressing the issues of cost, processing and precursor toxicity, the major barriers to wider acceptance of BMIs. The main body of the review evaluates a number of observations made by Dr Horst Stenzenberger in 1990, for the future development of BMI technology. Hence, the synthesis of novel bismaleimide building blocks, incorporation of new thermoplastics and additives, and blending with new thermosetting comonomers are all discussed in detail. The aforementioned review had been written before the concept of nanocomposites or shape memory polymers had been explored with BMIs, but the fields have since grown (especially in the case of the former topic) and are reviewed herein. The application of BMIs to continuous fibre composites is one of the proposed fields of commercial development. The topic falls a little beyond the scope of the present review of BMI chemistry, and is the subject of another publication, but a brief discussion of the most recent developments is presented. The review is concluded with some thoughts about the future outlook for BMI chemistry.

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The crosslinking of eutectic mixtures of bismaleimides

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Kinetic study of the curing behavior of bismaleimide modified with diallylbisphenol A

Kinetic study of the curing behavior of bismaleimide modified with diallylbisphenol A

Thermal Characterization of Polyaminobismaleimide Prepolymers

Modern advances in bismaleimide resin technology: A 21st century perspective on the chemistry of addition polyimides

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