The crosstalk between BAT thermogenesis and skeletal muscle dysfunction

Abstract

Metabolic defects increase the risk of skeletal muscle diseases, and muscle impairment might worsen metabolic disruption, leading to a vicious cycle. Both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle play important roles in non-shivering thermogenesis to regulate energy homeostasis. BAT regulates body temperature, systemic metabolism, and seretion of batokines that have positive or negative impacts on skeletal muscle. Conversely, muscle can secrete myokines that regulate BAT function. This review explained the crosstalk between BAT and skeletal muscle, and then discussed the batokines and highlighted their impact on skeletal muscle under physiological conditions. BAT is now considered a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes treatment. Moreover, manipulation of BAT may be an attractive approach for the treatment of muscle weakness by correcting metabolic deficits. Therefore, exploring BAT as a potential treatment for sarcopenia could be a promising avenue for future research.

Physical Activity and Activities of Daily Living in Older Adult Patients With Heart Failure Admitted for Subacute Musculoskeletal Disease

“…Regarding the difference in the duration of physical activity with and without heart failure, we consider that some kind of hypometabolism or muscle degeneration might be related to the amount of physical activity. Dysfunction of brawn adipose tissue (BAT) has been shown to occur with heart failure [ 36 ], and BAT has been reported to play an important role in metabolism and sarcopenia [ 37 ]. Secondary sarcopenia (disease-related sarcopenia) associated with heart failure [ 38 ] has been shown to result in atrophy of slow twitch muscle [ 39 ]; in contrast, age-related sarcopenia results in atrophy of fast twitch muscle [ 40 ].…”

Housing temperature dictates the systemic and tissue-specific molecular responses to cancer in mice

“…Our study also shows that housing temperature is a determinant factor in the cancer-induced cellular responses in mice, which are especially influenced in BAT. Due to known interactions between BAT and other tissues in both basal and during cancer 29 , we speculate that initial cancer-induced alterations in BAT bioenergetics could signal other tissues, especially SkM (Sup. Fig.…”

(-)-epicatechin treatment did not modify the thermogenic pathway in the gastrocnemius muscle of male rat offspring obeses by programming

“…MO damages skeletal muscle morphology and the muscle fibre composition of offspring during postnatal life; 2,3 this is important since skeletal muscle is crucial for thermogenesis and energy expenditure. 4 FNDC5 encodes a membrane protein that is cleaved and secreted as irisin, which is a myokine that is synthesised mainly by skeletal muscle in response to exercise and is regulated in both humans and rodents by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 α (PGC1 α). 5 It has been suggested that irisin in skeletal muscle is capable of increasing energy expenditure via an increase in the expression of genes related to metabolism, such as PGC-1 α, and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), among others.…”