The crude protein requirement of the early-weaned calf given urea, meat meal or soya bean meal with and without sulphur supplementation

Leibholz, Jane; Kang, Hi Shin

doi:10.1017/s0003356100017049

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Early work established the minimum CP concentration in starter diets to be around 16% (Leibholz & Kang, 1973;Morrill & Melton, 1973). Although many studies reported increased weight gains with diets containing more than 20% CP (Bartley, 1973;Schurman & Kesler, 1974;Akayezu et al, 1994), most researchers doubt the advantage of more than 220 g/kg CP in calf diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of rumen inert fat supplementation and protein degradability in starter and finishing diets on veal calf performance

Cruywagen

Lategan²,

Hoffman³

2004

SA J. An. Sci.

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Thirty six Holstein bull calves were divided into six groups to determine the effect of protein degradability and rumen inert fat supplementation in starter and finishing diets on nutrient digestibility and veal production. Calves received low (LD) or high (HD) degradable protein diets, with or without rumen inert fat supplementation. Two commercial fat sources were used, Morlac (mlc) and Golden Flake (gf), included in the experimental diets at 2.5% of dry matter (DM). A commercial milk replacer was fed to all calves at 4 L/day for 42 days, followed by 2 L/day until weaning at 49 days of age. Starter diets were offered ad lib. from day 14 to 10 weeks of age and finishing diets ad lib. from 11 to 20 weeks of age. All calves were slaughtered at 20 weeks to determine carcass weight and dressing percentage. There were no significant differences in body weight gain or dry matter intake over the entire 20 week period. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved when fat was supplemented to LD, but not to HD diets. The FCR (DM intake/kg gain) of LD, HD, LDmlc, HDmlc, LDgf and HDgf diets was 3.45, 3.44, 3.07, 3.81, 3.02 and 3.43, respectively. All 36 calves were used in a digestibility trial during week 18 of the study, using chromium oxide as a marker. Apparent digestibility values (%) for LD, HD, LDmlc, HDmlc, LDgf and HDgf, respectively, were 61.7, 65.9, 75.4, 69.0, 75.5 and 67.2 for DM, 61.4, 61.6, 71.3, 68.2, 75.4 and 66.1 for crude protein and 58.6, 66.5, 76.0, 70.9, 78.4 and 70.8 for fat. Dry matter and fat digestibilities were significantly higher when fat was added to LD diets, but not to HD diets. The CP digestibility was significantly higher when fat was added to either the LD or the HD diets. It was concluded that rumen inert fat supplementation to calf diets appears to improve feed conversion ratio and DM and fat digestibilities, but only when added to low degradable protein diets and only after 10 weeks of age. Crude protein digestibility appears to improve with fat supplementation to either high or low degradable protein diets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of rumen inert fat supplementation and protein degradability in starter and finishing diets on veal calf performance

Cruywagen

Lategan²,

Hoffman³

2004

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…Com exceção da produção fecal e da digestibilidade total do amido, nenhuma outra variável associada ao processo de digestão foi influenciada significativamente pelos tratamentos (P>0,10). Os resultados de digestibilidade ruminal e total dos componentes do alimento, obtidos no presente estudo, foram menores que os obtidos em outros estudos semelhantes, com terneiros consumindo dietas ricas em grãos (LEIBHOLZ & NAYLOR, 1971;LEIBHOLZ & KANG, 1973;SMITH et al, 1978;VEIRA et al, 1980), os quais geralmente são caracterizados por utilizarem níveis restritos de consumo de alimento. No presente estudo, o consumo de matéria seca foi relativamente alto (em média 2,6% do peso vivo) e as dietas continham altas proporções de grão de milho.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Em um estudo de digestão com terneiros recebendo dietas à base de cevada e suplementadas com farinha de carne e/ou uréia, LEIBHOLZ (1980) observou que a síntese de proteína microbiana em relação à matéria orgânica fermentada no rúmen foi similar entre os tratamentos, mas o fluxo e a absorção de aminoácidos no intestino delgado foram mais altos para as dietas contendo farinha de carne. Contudo, em estudos de desempenho de terneiros desmamados precocemente, quando uréia ou farinha de carne foram adicionadas para elevar de 12 para 18% o teor de proteína bruta da dieta basal, os resultados de consumo, ganho de peso e eficiência da utilização do alimento foram variáveis (LEIBHOLZ & NAYLOR, 1971;LEIBHOLZ & KANG, 1973;KOZLOSKI et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Local e extensão da digestão em terneiros desmamados alimentados "Ad Libitum" com dietas ricas em concentrado contendo diferentes fontes de proteína suplementar

et al. 1999

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Foram utilizados nove terneiros da raça Holandesa (139 ± 2,4kg), fistulados no duodeno, em um delineamento experimental completamente casualizado para estudar o efeito da suplementação com diferentes fontes protéicas (2% de uréia ou 10% de farinha de carne na dieta total) de dietas ricas em concentrado (milho e farelo de soja) sobre o local e extensão da digestão do alimento, em condições de consumo ad libitum. A relação volumoso:concentrado das dietas foi de 30:70. A digestibilidade ruminal e total da matéria seca, matéria orgânica e nitrogênio, assim como o fluxo duodenal de nitrogênio microbiano e residual do alimento, e a eficiência da síntese protéica microbiana foram semelhantes nos dois tratamentos (P>0,10). A digestibilidade ruminal do amido também foi semelhante, mas a digestibilidade total foi menor no tratamento com uréia (P<0,10). No entanto, é provável que isso seja devido mais a limitações dos ruminantes em digerir amido no intestino delgado do que a uma influência do suplemento protéico. O uso de uréia ou de farinha de carne, como fontes de proteína suplementar de dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, balanceadas para suprir a demanda de crescimento de terneiros jovens e fornecidas ad libitum, não influencia significativamente o processo de digestão nestes animais. Deste modo, a escolha por um outro suplemento depende mais de outros critérios do que dos nutricionais.

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“…The calves were fed either whole milk or a commercial milk replacer once or twice daily, from birth to 5 weeks of age. From 5 weeks of age till the commencement of the experiment both calves were offered diets similar to those reported by Leibholz & Kang (1973). Danny was 25 weeks of age and Eric was 15 weeks of age at the commencement of the experimental period.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

Jacobs¹,

Leibholz

1977

J. Agric. Sci.

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Semi-purified diets containing urea (diet A), uric acid (diet B) or soya-bean meal (diet C) as the sole source of nitrogen were fed to two Friesian bull calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulae. Total collections of digesta leaving the abomasum were made over 24-h periods.The flow of organic matter to the duodenum expressed as a percentage of intake increased from 35-8% (diet A) and 40-6% (diet B) for the non-protein nitrogen diets to 58-3% for diet C. A greater proportion of the apparent digestion of organic matter occurred in the forestomachs of the calves when fed diets A or B than when they were fed diet C.The flow of nitrogen from the abomasum expressed as a percentage of intake showed a significant increase (P < 0-05) from 65-4% for diet A to 84-4% for diet B and 85-1% for diet C. When diets B and C were fed to the calves a greater proportion of the apparent digestion of nitrogen occurred in the hindgut than when they were fed diet A. The synthesis of microbial protein was 13-9 gand 13-0 g for every 100 g of organic matter digested in the stomach when the calves were fed diets B and C and only 10-9 g when the calves were fed diet A.A significantly (P < 0-05) greater proportion of dry matter of the digesta at the duodenum was composed of amino acids on diet C (19-5%) than diet A (16-1%) with the proportion of essential amino acids (especially threonine, lysine, histidine and arginine) also being greater. The amino acid composition of the digesta dry matter on diet B was intermediate (17-2%).From the data presented, it was predicted that cystine and histidine were the first limiting amino acids for growth when the calves were fed the non-protein nitrogen diets (A and B).

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The crude protein requirement of the early-weaned calf given urea, meat meal or soya bean meal with and without sulphur supplementation

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

The effect of rumen inert fat supplementation and protein degradability in starter and finishing diets on veal calf performance

The effect of rumen inert fat supplementation and protein degradability in starter and finishing diets on veal calf performance

Local e extensão da digestão em terneiros desmamados alimentados "Ad Libitum" com dietas ricas em concentrado contendo diferentes fontes de proteína suplementar

The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

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