The crystal and molecular structure of 8-aza-2,6-diaminopurine sulfate monohydrate, (CaN7H6)2SOa.H20, has been determined from three-dimensional diffractometer X-ray data. The material crystallizes in space group P1 of the triclinic system with two formula units in a cell of dimensions a=6.813 (5), b=15-117 (11), c=8.182 (5)/~, e=91.71 (1), fl= 106.21 (1), and y=93.57 (1) °. The observed and calculated densities are 1"71 and 1.72 gcm -a, respectively. The structure has been refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to a final value of the conventional R value (on F) of 0.039 for 2706 independent intensities. The two independent 8-aza-2,6-diaminopurine cations (ADPH) are very similar, and the sites of protonation are at N(3) and N(8); this result is similar to that observed in the 8-azaguaninium cation (AGH) but different from that found in the protonated form of natural purines. The hydrogen bonding in the crystal is extremely complicated, with all hydrogen atoms and all acceptor atoms except N(1) of one ADPH cation participating. The bond lengths and angles in the cations are normal, showing the anticipated effects of the protonation at N(3) and N(8).