The Cu−Ti (Copper-Titanium) system

Murray, J. L.

doi:10.1007/bf02880329

Cited by 212 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…On the contrary, the composition of the Cu phase changes slightly as in Incusil™15-Ti alloys it contains about 1 wt.% Ti. This variation of the composition is due to the solid solubility of Ti in Cu [10] , whereas Ti solubility in In and Ag is lower. [11] The obtained phase compositions are in agreement with those reported in the literature for Incusil™15 and for Incusil™ABA ® .…”

Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Ti on the Mechanical Properties of AgCuInTi Active Brazing Fillers

2009

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Ceramic materials can be directly brazed to metals by using the so-called active brazing alloys. [1] In general these alloys are obtained by modifying conventional brazing fillers by adding an element able to promote wetting of the ceramic surface (typically a group IV element). One of the most common solutions is the addition of Ti to eutectic or quasi-eutectic AgCu or to AgCuIn alloys (In is added to improve the wetting behavior and lower the brazing temperature). The use of AgCuTi and AgCuTiIn for the production of ceramic-metal joints is widely reported in literature, typically for joining Si 3 N 4 , but also other ceramics. For instance Incusil™ABA ® (Ag 59 Cu 27.25 In 12.5 Ti 1.25 , WESGO ® , Erlangen, Germany) is used for various ceramic-metal combinations [2][3][4] while a Ag 71.5 Cu 19.5 In 5 Ti 3 alloy is utilized to braze AlN to different metals. [5] Given the materials to be joined and the joint geometry, there are two main issues affecting the mechanical performance of a ceramic-metal joint: the bond quality, which depends the ability of the filler to wet the ceramic surface, and the residual stresses which develop in the assembly after brazing (due to the differences in the mechanical and thermal expansion characteristics of the two joining partners) and primarily depend on the plastic deformation of the filler. The quantity of the active element in the brazing alloy has a two-fold influence on the joint performance: on one hand a large amount ensures better wetting, on the other it would lead to hardening of the filler alloy, detrimental to residual stress relief. [6] Moreover a low content of active element is generally preferred when brazing ceramics to reactive metals, such as steel, because an excess of active element could promote undesirable reactions (e.g. the formation of brittle intermetallic phases). The optimization of the content of active element in the alloy is crucial for successful brazing of ceramic-steel joints.In the present work a Ag 61.5 Cu 23.5 In 15 alloy (Incusil™15, WESGO ® , Erlangen, Germany) was modified by adding Ti in different amounts: 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%. The considered active element weight fractions are typical of commercial active brazing fillers used in ceramic-steel joints. Bulk specimens of Incusil™15 and Incusil™15-Ti were fabricated and micro-hardness measurements were carried out to study the effect of Ti addition on the plastic properties of the alloy. The microstructure was investigated by optical and electron microscopy and by image analysis techniques. The alloys were used to braze Si 3 N 4 /TiN to steel and the joint performance was assessed by four point bend tests. The results of hardness measurements confirm that Ti has a hardening effect on Incusil™15. However, for the considered values of Ti addition (0.5 -1.5 wt.%), experimental results indicate that the extent of the hardening is insignificantly influenced by the amount of Ti introduced in the alloy. This was confirmed by the results of four point bend tests on joints which showed that sample...

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Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ti-containing phases were manually outlined using the software Corel DRAW (Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada) and then the volume fraction was computed by using the [10] ).…”

Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ti on the Mechanical Properties of AgCuInTi Active Brazing Fillers

2009

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“…The coordinates of invariant equilibria obtained by different authors are systematized in Table 2. The results obtained until 1983 were detailed in [38].…”

Section: Data On Phase Transformations and Thermodynamic Properties Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ti-Zr system. I. Cu-Ti system

Турчанин

Agraval

Abdulov

2008

Powder Metall Met Ceram

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The CALPHAD method is used for the thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ti system that bounds the ternary Cu-Ti-Zr system, which is capable of forming amorphous alloys. The self-consistent parameters of thermodynamic models of the phases are obtained from data on the phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of liquid alloys and intermetallic compounds. The Gibbs energy of the liquid phase is described using the associated ideal solution model. To describe the thermodynamic properties of the Cu 4 Ti and CuTi intermetallic compounds with homogeneity range, sublattice models are used. The calculated phase diagram of the system and the thermodynamic properties of the phases are in good agreement with experimental data.

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“…As the chemical potential of Ti atoms was higher than that of Cu atoms, the gradient of chemical potential can also be deemed as a driving force that promoted the diffusion of the Ti atoms into the Cu matrix. According to the Cu-Ti binary-alloy phase diagram and reference 12 , there is a variety of intermediate phases between these two elements. Most of them are intermetallic compounds, including TiCu 4 , Ti 2 Cu 3 , Ti 3 Cu 4 , TiCu and Ti 2 Cu.…”

Section: Structure Analysis Of the Diffusion-reaction Layer Under Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation mechanism of diffusion-reaction layer for a Cu/Ti diffusion couple under different heating methods

Fei¹,

Mingfang²,

Juan³

2017

Mater. Tehnol.

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Diffusion experiments with a Cu/Ti diffusion couple were conducted using the pulse-current-heating method and the conventional-heating method. The interfacial microstructure and the growth behavior of the diffusion-reaction layer were investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the pulse-current heating could accelerate the diffusion of Ti atoms into a Cu matrix, significantly improve the growth rate of the diffusion-action layer, located at the side of the Cu matrix and make the growth of the interfacial reaction layer follow the parabolic rule. Meanwhile, under the pulse-current heating, the stratification of the diffusion-reaction layer was not obvious. Correspondingly, under the conventional heating method, the stratification of the diffusion-reaction layer was obvious and each reaction layer had a single microstructure, which was consistent with the reactant from the corresponding Cu-Ti binary-alloy phase diagram. Keywords: Cu/Ti diffusion couple, pulse-current heating, diffusion, interfacial microstructure, interfacial-layer growth Avtorji prispevka so izvedli difuzijske eksperimente na paru Cu/Ti. Pri tem so difuzijski par ogrevali na dva razli~na na~ina; z uporabo postopka impulznega tokovnega ogrevanja in konvencionalnega postopka ogrevanja. Medfazno mikrostrukturo in rast difuzijsko-reakcijske plasti so analizirali z vrsti~nim elektronskim mikroskopom (SEM), mikroanalizatorjem z elektronsko sondo (EPMA), energijskim disperzijskim spektrometrom (EDS) in rentgensko difrakcijsko analizo (XRD). Rezultati analiz so pokazali, da impulzno tokovno ogrevanje lahko pospe{i difuzijo atomov Ti v matriko Cu in o~itno izbolj{a hitrost rasti difuzijske plasti, ki se nahaja na strani Cu matrike. Pri tem kinetika rasti difuzijsko-reakcijske plasti sledi paraboli~nemu zakonu. Niso pa opazili izrazitega plastenja difuzijsko-reakcijske plasti, ki je bilo o~itno pri konvencionalnem na~inu ogrevanja difuzijskega para. V tem primeru je imela vsaka reakcijska plast enovito mikrostrukturo, skladno z reaktantoma v binarnem faznem diagramu Cu-Ti. Klju~ne besede: difuzijski par Cu/Ti, impulzno tokovno ogrevanje, difuzija, medfazna mikrostruktura, rast medfazne plasti

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The Cu−Ti (Copper-Titanium) system

Cited by 212 publications

References 40 publications

Influence of Ti on the Mechanical Properties of AgCuInTi Active Brazing Fillers

Influence of Ti on the Mechanical Properties of AgCuInTi Active Brazing Fillers

Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ti-Zr system. I. Cu-Ti system

Formation mechanism of diffusion-reaction layer for a Cu/Ti diffusion couple under different heating methods

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