The cultivation of European kelp for bioenergy: Site and species selection

Kerrison, Philip D.; Stanley, Michele S.; Edwards, Maeve D.; Black, Kenneth D.; Hughes, Adam D.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.04.035

Cited by 116 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 152 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…In Ireland, yields ranged from 2 to 7 kg m −1 for L. digitata and 5.5 to 19 kg m −1 for S. latissima ; in Denmark, yields were 1 kg m −1 but increased to 3 kg m −1 after another year growth at sea (Marinho et al 2015); and in Spain, average yields were 7.8 kg m −1 (Peteiro and Freire 2014). S. latissima has a naturally higher growth rate, achieving greater lengths and biomass yields than L. digitata Kerrison et al 2015). Biomass yields vary, both due to natural variation across species, environments and cultivation methods, but are also further complicated by a lack of standard monitoring approach or inaccuracy, for example, when extrapolating yields from 15 cm sample lengths of longline (Table 1; ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…We consider it more likely that the environmental conditions at the two sites were not optimal for L. digitata-as it is normally found in more exposed areas than S. latissima. Species-specific requirements are therefore a very important consideration when choosing sea cultivation sites (Kerrison et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saunders are large, fast-growing flora that dominate the sublittoral in the North East Atlantic (Bartsch et al 2008). Kelps are harvested from wild populations by hand or by mechanical harvesters for their alginates (Christie et al 1998;Mclaughlin et al 2006;Guiry and Morrison 2013) and increasingly for their use in food and biofuel production (Kraan 2013;Kerrison et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth rates vary across seasons, latitudes and species, and may be influenced by a number of factors from environmental conditions to life stage and blade size (e.g. Henley and Dunton 1995;Bartsch et al 2008;Zhang et al 2012;Kerrison et al 2015) Cutting the blade above the meristem may allow regrowth of the blade, potentially facilitating recovery in wild harvested kelp beds and increasing yields in farmed kelp. In South Africa, wild populations of Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss are traditionally harvested by cutting below the meristem at the stipe; however, yields per harvest area can be increased by cutting the fronds 20-30 cm above the base of the primary blade (Levitt et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regrowth and biofouling in two species of cultivated kelp in the Shetland Islands, UK

et al. 2017

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The meristem of the kelps Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima is located at the base of the blade, growth can therefore continue when the distal blade is lost due to erosion or harvesting. The aim of the study was to determine the regrowth potential of cultivated kelp in the Shetland Islands (UK) to assess feasibility of harvesting twice in one growing season. Laminaria digitata and S. latissima grown on longlines at sea were sampled between March and August, and harvested either at the stipe (whole) or 10 cm above the stipe-blade transition zone (partial) May-August. Image analysis was used to estimate blade length, width, area and fouled area. S. latissima increased in length more than L. digitata between March and August, and in August, while whole S. latissima experienced a net loss in length, partially cut blades had a net increase. Whole blades significantly increased in length for both species but only partially cut S. latissima significantly regrew. In late summer, severe biofouling by tunicates made up 12 and 27% of the biomass at two sites. Interestingly, S. latissima was less fouled than L. digitata. Consequently, S. latissima shows the greatest potential for the application of partial cutting to improve cultivated biomass yields. However, the period for regrowth is limited by low yields in early spring and blade degradation in late summer. In order to optimise biomass yields, further understanding is needed on the abiotic and biotic factors that control growth and biofouling on natural and farmed seaweed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regrowth and biofouling in two species of cultivated kelp in the Shetland Islands, UK

et al. 2017

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“…The ecological and socio-economic value of ecosystem services provided by these species is poorly estimated, although kelp forests in Australia were estimated to account for more than 15% of regional economies (Bennett et al 2016). In Europe, kelp cultivation and research are increasing fields of interest (Sanderson et al 2012, Kerrison et al 2015, although management strategies able to cope with climate changes are sorely needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of daylength, temperature and nutrients affect thresholds for life stage transitions in the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae)

et al. 2017

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Kelp beds worldwide are under pressure from ongoing climate and environmental change. Along European coastlines increases in seawater temperature and changes in nutrient conditions occur where upwelling events are disrupted and also along eutrophicated coasts. In addition, seaweed responses to change may interact with seasonal daylength cycles. We performed a factorial experiment to examine the combined effects of seawater temperatures, nutrient regimes and photoperiod (long and short days) in order to better understand how latitudinal or seasonal differences in daylengths affect the sensitivity of transient microscopic kelp stages of Laminaria digitata from the North Sea to warming and eutrophication. While the optimal temperature range for vegetative gametophyte growth was 10°C-18°C under long summer photoperiod conditions, gametogenesis was induced at lower temperatures between 5°C and 15°C, with maximum sporophyte development under long photoperiods and enriched nutrient regimes, which represent local late spring conditions. Although gametogenesis was fastest at 10°C-15°C, sporophyte recruitment was highest at 5°C. As these particular early life cycle processes in L. digitata have different temperature optima, this may drive the seasonal cycle of recruitment in the field. Increasing summer temperatures due to global warming will increase gametophyte size due to enhanced vegetative growth and inhibition of gametogenesis. This will probably lead to delayed but enhanced recruitment of new sporophytes under cooler autumn to spring conditions over a wide geographical scale, preventing the formation of juvenile sporophytes under stressful summer conditions and possibly changing annual recruitment patterns.

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The Bioremediation Potential of Seaweeds: Recycling Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Other Waste Products

et al. 2018

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The cultivation of European kelp for bioenergy: Site and species selection

Cited by 116 publications

References 152 publications

Regrowth and biofouling in two species of cultivated kelp in the Shetland Islands, UK

Regrowth and biofouling in two species of cultivated kelp in the Shetland Islands, UK

Interactions of daylength, temperature and nutrients affect thresholds for life stage transitions in the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae)

The Bioremediation Potential of Seaweeds: Recycling Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Other Waste Products

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