The Cultural Affiliations and Chronological Position of the Clear Fork Focus

Kelley, J. Charles

doi:10.2307/275682

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…General typological considerations favor the more recent estimates of 4000 or 2000 B.C. (depending on certain alternative geological correlations) to about A.D. 1500 (Kelley 1947a). The Round Rock focus (Campbell 1948) is thought to have been approximately coeval, but the Uvalde focus (Kelley 1947b) occupied only the last two or three centuries of this long time span.…”

Section: American Anthrof~ologistmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The former, located in central Texas, is known from open camp sites and "burned rock middens" yielding a typically Archaic chipped stone assemblage and reflecting a migratory hunting-gathering type of culture. Of the three "foci" of this tradition, the early Clear Fork (Kelley 1947a), characterized by certain triangular and stemmed point types and a specialized end-scraper or "gouge," has long been the center of a dating controversy, with estimates running as early as 8000 B.C. or earlier.…”

Section: American Anthrof~ologistmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Method and Theory in American Archeology II: Historical‐Developmental Interpretation

Willey

Phillips

1955

American Anthropologist

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Section: American Anthrof~ologistmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: American Anthrof~ologistmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method and Theory in American Archeology II: Historical‐Developmental Interpretation

Willey

Phillips

1955

American Anthropologist

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“…In the late 1940s, J. C. Kelley (1947a;1947b) identified the Perdiz arrow point with what he termed the Toyah Foci. Six years later, Jelks (1953) demonstrated that in general, Austin Foci Scallorn were found underlying Toyah Foci Perdiz and Cliffton arrow points in the Blum Rockshelter.…”

Section: Toyah Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological Testing at San Marcos Springs (41HY160) for the Texas Rivers Center, Hays County, Texas

Nickels¹,

Bousman²

2010

ITA

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The archaeological investigations were designed to assess the geological context and the nature of the preserved archaeological materials at the Spring Lake Site, 41HY160. An extensive geological coring effort extracted 22 cores from over 9 meters of alluvial sediments in the San Marcos River floodplain. These cores extended from the Hotel to beyond the football stadium. Five depositional units (A-E from older to younger) were identified, which dated from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene, and all of these depositional units either contained preserved archaeological materials or were contemporary with know archaeological occupations in the immediate vicinity of Spring Lake. A single flake was recovered from geological Core E in Depostional Unit A channel gravels. Radiocarbon dates confirm sediment accumulation spanning the last ~12,000 radiocarbon years. Archaeological test units recovered a wide range of lithic tools, faunal remains, burned rock features and fl oral remains that have been identified as Middle and Late Archaic, and Late Prehistoric in age. Five intact burned rock features were excavated and documented. The careful excavation and archaeomagnetic analysis of burned rock from the cooking features demonstrates the presence of burned rock cooking pits and scattered burned rock hearths. These features were clearly constructed and used as cooking facilities by prehistoric inhabitants. The prehistoric inhabitants also actively hunted a number of large animals that consisted of bison, antelope and deer, and a variety of small species such as rabbits, turtle, fi sh, rodents, and snakes. The more limited floral remains demonstrate the use of cheno-ams for food, and oak, juniper and bald cypress for firewood. Better preserved plant remains were recovered from Depositional Unit A in the geological Core D and these demonstrate the potential for well preserved archaeological floral remains is great in the deeper portions of the site. A great diversity of chipped stone artifacts (projectile points, preforms and other bifaces, scrapers and other unifaces, groundstone tools) provide the most abundant evidence of technological activities, and production and procurement strategies at the site. The wealth of evidence and the secure geological context of these materials, clearly demonstrates that the potential for the recovery of significant archaeological materials at the Spring Lake Site, 41HY160, is great and it is recommended that any impacts of planned construction iii on archaeological resources be mitigated. All recovered materials are curated at the Archaeological Curation Facility, Texas State University. iv

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“…J. Charles Kelley (1947Kelley ( , 1959 used the Midwestern Taxonomic Sys tem to organize archeological materials into related groups. He referred to what was later termed the Cen tral Texas Archaic as the Edwards Plateau Aspect, employing various types of projectile points to distin guish different foci.…”

Section: Background To the Culture Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Excavations at the Bluff Creek Sites: 41MK10 and 41MK27, McColloch County, Texas

Irwin¹,

Houk²,

Drake³

et al. 1999

ITA

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Site 41MK27 contained a small burned rock midden, Feature I. This midden was approximately 8 to 10 m in diameter, and 50 cm thick, and annular in form. A single internal feature (Feature IA), a rock-lined pit or hearth, was located in the approximate center and bottom of the midden. Lying between the midden and Bluff Creek were a series of small hearths, of which eight were excavated and designated as Features III through X. These small hearths, most of which had been at least somewhat disturbed, appeared to have been simple structures composed of one or more layers of rock. Many of the individual rocks appear to have been fire-fractured in place. No true basin-shaped hearths were observed. Associated with these hearths were an accompanying scatter of living debris in the form of flint and burned rock and significant quantities of freshwater mussel shell. Although the individual specimens are relatively small, the quantities recovered suggest that they served as a source of food. Radiocarbon data suggest that the site was intermittently occupied from the Late Archaic through the Late Prehistoric. The midden apparently dates to the Late Prehistoric, although the Transitional Archaic period may have been the period of most intense occupation at the site.Site 41MK10 was smaller than 41MK27 and not as intensively investigated. Two small burned rock features were excavated. The site was at least visited in the Late Archaic times, as is evidenced by the presence of a Castroville point, and in the Transitional Archaic, indicated by the recovery of two Ensor projectile points. It is likely, though by no means firmly established, that these dart point types are in fact associated with the use of the features.i

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The Cultural Affiliations and Chronological Position of the Clear Fork Focus

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Method and Theory in American Archeology II: Historical‐Developmental Interpretation

Method and Theory in American Archeology II: Historical‐Developmental Interpretation

Archaeological Testing at San Marcos Springs (41HY160) for the Texas Rivers Center, Hays County, Texas

Excavations at the Bluff Creek Sites: 41MK10 and 41MK27, McColloch County, Texas

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