The cultural neuroscience of emotion regulation

Hampton, Ryan S.; Varnum, Michael E. W.

doi:10.1007/s40167-018-0066-2

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Also, this database has norms within both the dimensional (Marchewka et al 2014) and the discrete (Riegel et al 2016) models. Recently, there has been an attempt to compare the NAPS affective ratings between Iranian and European population (Riegel et al 2017), but no differences were found between both models' ratings taking culture as its variation factor, in spite of previous studies which hypothesized the contrary (Hampton and Varnum 2016). Likewise, it has been found that affective space distribution proposed by the NAPS shows that the valence-arousal relationship can be described by a quadratic function which has a boomerang shape (Riegel et al 2016(Riegel et al , 2017 or by a linear function (Marchewka et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS): a Children-Rated Subset

et al. 2020

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Emotion research in children should make use of emotional stimuli ideally coming from children-rated databases. However, most of the works in this area use adult-rated stimuli databases or a collection of stimuli taken from the Internet or from unidentified sources without any standardization procedure or content control for children population. These issues result in an overall lack of control over the kind of emotion to be elicited, leading to limited results. Therefore, in this work, a children-rated picture subset taken from the adult-rated Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS) set is proposed as a stimuli database for emotion research in children. The NAPS is a standardized set of 1356 realistic, high-quality photographs classified into five categories (people, faces, animals, objects, and landscapes), and up to now, normative ratings were only collected in an adult population. The proposed subset in this work contains 1128 pictures taken from the original database which are developmentally appropriate for children based on different criteria and an expert's judgment procedure. Affective ratings were collected from a sample of 266 children 8-12 years old. With this work, both the availability and quality of affective stimuli for the study of emotion in children are directly improved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS): a Children-Rated Subset

et al. 2020

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“…For a more in depth discussion of culture and neuroplasticity, see Goh (this volume) and for a more in depth discussion of the philosophical meaning of cultural differences in neural structure and function, see Northoff (this volume). Consistent with these ideas, in the past decade, dozens of studies have indeed found differences in neural function and structure across cultural groups (Hampton & Varnum, 2018a;Han & Ma, 2014;Kim & Sasaki, 2014;Kitayama, Varnum, & Salvador, in press). For example, recent ERP studies have found that European-Americans show evidence of an implicit positivity bias for the self, whereas Chinese do not appear to show this bias (Hampton & Varnum, 2018b) and that European-Americans (and those from Mexican cultural backgrounds) are better able to intentionally up-regualte neural affective responses than people from East Asian cultural backgrounds (Varnum & Hampton, 2017;Hampton, Kwon, & Varnum, under review).…”

Section: How Have/will Our Brains Change?mentioning

confidence: 77%

Cultural Changes in Neural Structure and Function

Varnum¹,

Hampton²

2018

Preprint

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Human cultures are not static. An emerging body of research has documented cultural changes in a wide variety of behaviors, psychological tendencies, and cultural products. Increasingly, this field has also begun to test hypothesis regarding the causes of these changes and to create forecasts for future patterns of change. Yet to date, the question of how our brains may change as a function of systematic changes in our environments has received relatively little attention and scant empirical testing. In the present chapter we begin by reviewing the literature on cultural change, including Varnum and Grossmann's program of research using a behavioral ecology framework to understand patterns of cultural change. Next we offer some initial predictions for changes in neural structure and function that may occur in the coming decades and we discuss implications for global mental health. Finally, we offer some ideas about how empirical research testing these predictions might be conducted and discuss challenges and opportunities for extending the study of cultural change to neuroscience.

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“…Empathizers' prior exposure to pain (Prkachin and Rocha, 2010), socioeconomic status (Varnum et al, 2015), and cultural experiences (Wang et al, 2015;Hampton and Varnum, 2018) also influence empathy and its underlying brain activities. Perceived information about social relationships between observers and empathy targets also modulates empathic neural responses such that, relative to viewing own-race or own-team individuals' pain, viewing other-race or opponent-team individuals' pain decreased empathic neural responses in the affective (e.g., ACC, AI), cognitive (e.g., mPFC, TPJ), and sensorimotor (e.g., motor cortex) nodes of the empathy network (Xu et al, 2009;Avenanti et al, 2010;Hein et al, 2010;Mathur et al, 2010;Sheng and Han, 2012;Sheng et al, 2014;2016;Han, 2018;Zhou and Han, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms of modulations of empathy and altruism by beliefs of others’ pain

Han

2021

eLife

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Perceived cues signaling others' pain induce empathy which in turn motivates altruistic behavior toward those who appear suffering. This perception-emotion-behavior reactivity is the core of human altruism but does not always occur in real life situations. Here, by integrating behavioral and multimodal neuroimaging measures, we investigate neural mechanisms underlying modulations of empathy and altruistic behavior by beliefs of others' pain. We show evidence that lack of beliefs of others' pain reduces subjective estimation of others' painful feelings and decreases monetary donations to those who show pain expressions. Moreover, lack of beliefs of others' pain attenuates neural responses to their pain expressions within 200 ms after face onset and modulates neural responses to others' pain in the insular, post-central, and frontal cortices. Our findings suggest that beliefs of others’ pain provide a cognitive basis of human empathy and altruism and unravel the intermediate neural mechanisms.

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The cultural neuroscience of emotion regulation

Cited by 13 publications

References 98 publications

The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS): a Children-Rated Subset

The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS): a Children-Rated Subset

Cultural Changes in Neural Structure and Function

Neural mechanisms of modulations of empathy and altruism by beliefs of others’ pain

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