The curative action of iodine on soybean goiter and the changes in the distribution of iodoamino acids in the serum and in thyroid gland digests

Block, Richard J.; Mandl, Richard H.; Howard, Hartley W.; Bauer, Clifford D.; Anderson, David W.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(61)90309-5

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In particular, iodine deficiency is necessary for soy to cause antithyroid effects in rats. Although the mechanism of this iodide effect is unknown, a significant literature supports this concept (10,14,46,47). In humans, early findings showed that goiter in infants fed soy formula was reversed upon supplementation with iodine (17).…”

Section: Possible Effects Of Soy On Human Thyroid Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 and human thyroid physiology (8). In rats the goitrogenic activity of soy and its inhibition by dietary iodide supplementation have been defined (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The negative interaction of low dietary iodine and soy is demonstrated by the finding of Kimura et al that thyroid carcinoma appeared in rats fed an iodine-deficient diet consisting of 30% defatted soy (14).…”

Section: Endocrine Disruptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goitrogenic and estrogenic activity of soy isoflavones.

Doerge

Sheehan

2002

Environ Health Perspect

252

136

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Soy is known to produce estrogenic isoflavones. Here, we briefly review the evidence for binding of isoflavones to the estrogen receptor, in vivo estrogenicity and developmental toxicity, and estrogen developmental carcinogenesis in rats. Genistein, the major soy isoflavone, also has a frank estrogenic effect in women. We then focus on evidence from animal and human studies suggesting a link between soy consumption and goiter, an activity independent of estrogenicity. Iodine deficiency greatly increases soy antithyroid effects, whereas iodine supplementation is protective. Thus, soy effects on the thyroid involve the critical relationship between iodine status and thyroid function. In rats consuming genistein-fortified diets, genistein was measured in the thyroid at levels that produced dose-dependent and significant inactivation of rat and human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in vitro. Furthermore, rat TPO activity was dose-dependently reduced by up to 80%. Although these effects are clear and reproducible, other measures of thyroid function in vivo (serum levels of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone; thyroid weight; and thyroid histopathology) were all normal. Additional factors appear necessary for soy to cause overt thyroid toxicity. These clearly include iodine deficiency but may also include additional soy components, other defects of hormone synthesis, or additional goitrogenic dietary factors. Although safety testing of natural products, including soy products, is not required, the possibility that widely consumed soy products may cause harm in the human population via either or both estrogenic and goitrogenic activities is of concern. Rigorous, high-quality experimental and human research into soy toxicity is the best way to address these concerns. Similar studies in wildlife populations are also appropriate.

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Section: Possible Effects Of Soy On Human Thyroid Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endocrine Disruptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goitrogenic and estrogenic activity of soy isoflavones.

Doerge

Sheehan

2002

Environ Health Perspect

252

136

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“…This is especially seen when soy consumption is accompanied by a iodine deficiency [27,28]. In many cases, the concentration of thyroid hormones in blood is unchanged, but goiter is accompanied by elevated thyrotropin (TSH) [26].…”

Section: Thyroid Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genistein—A dietary compound inducing hormonal and metabolic changes

Szkudelska¹,

Nogowski²

2007

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

120

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“…In view of the reported discrepancy between the results obtained with IIZ7 and 1131 Stolc, 1961), it would be most desirable to quantitate the distribution of the iodoamino acids not only in the blood but also in the thyroid gland itself by a more accurate and technically simpler method than those used previously (Mandl and Block, 1959;Block et al, 1961;Stolc, 1961). The recent advances in methods of obtaining small quantities of tissue by needle biopsy strengthen the desirability of diagnosis of thyroid pathology by direct examination of the glandular tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%