The current and future burden of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in Canada: Summary of results

Poirier, Abbey E.; Ruan, Yibing; Volesky, Karena D.; King, Will D.; O’Sullivan, Dylan E.; Gogna, Priyanka; Walter, Stephen D.; Villeneuve, Paul J.; Friedenreich, Christine M.; Brenner, Darren R.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.007

Cited by 77 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Country-wide PAF for cancer incidence using similar methodological approach showed that smoking-related cancer were higher in Chile (18.3%) than in the Canada (17.5%), United Kingdom (UK) (15.1%), Australia (13.4%) and Brazil (15.5%), but not in the United States of America (USA) (19.0%) [8,9,12,13,15]. Chile also had the highest PAF for high BMI (8.7%), followed by USA (7.8%), UK (6.3%), Brazil (4.9%), Australia (3.4%), and Canada (3.1%) [8,9,12,13,15]. The proportion of cancer cases attributable to alcohol consumption was lower in Chile (2.9%) than in the USA (5.6%), Brazil (3.8%), and UK (3.3%), similar to Australia (2.8%), and higher than in Canada (1.8%) [8,9,12,13,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimated number of cancer cases and deaths (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) in adults 20 years or older in Chile in 2018 by sex and cancer site were retrieved from the GLOBOCAN 2018 [3]. Similar methodological approach has been used to estimate the burden of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in other countries [8,9,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological and molecular studies have shown that cancer is caused by an interplay of several environmental, lifestyle and biological factors [7]. However, current evidence supports that around 30 to 50% of all cancers are attributable to modifiable risk factors [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Over the last decade, cancer burden attributable to modifiable risk factors (aka, the population attributable fraction [PAF]) has been estimated in several countries for setting priorities for cancer prevention strategies [8,9,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cancer cases and deaths attributable to lifestyle risk factors in Chile

et al. 2020

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Background: To identify modifiable risk factors that contribute to cancer holds important public health relevance for setting up prevention strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of cancer cases and deaths attributable to alcohol consumption, high body mass index (BMI), low fruits and vegetables consumption, lack of physical activity, tobacco smoking, and passive smoking in Chile in 2018. Methods: We retrieved data from a national representative survey to describe the distribution of six lifestyle risk factors. Relative risks of each risk factor-cancer pair were obtained from published meta-analysis and pooled cohort studies. Cancer cases and deaths were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2018. Results: Nearly 30% of all cancer cases (15,097 out of 50,320 cases) and 36% of all cancer deaths (10,155 out of 28,010 deaths) in Chile in 2018 were attributable to lifestyle risk factors. Smoking and high BMI accounted for most of the cancer cases (9232 and 4394, respectively) and deaths (6868 and 2572). The cancer burden of other lifestyle risk factors varied by sex. In men, the proportion of all cancer cases attributed to alcohol were 3.7% compare to 2.0% for women. Cancers cases and deaths of the larynx, lung, oral/cavity, esophagus and bladder could be at least halved if lifestyle risk factors were eliminated. Conclusion: Smoking and high BMI were the leading causes of preventable cancer cases and deaths within the six lifestyles factors considered. Cancer prevention strategies should consider evidence-based interventions and public policies to encourage the adoption of a healthier lifestyle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer cases and deaths attributable to lifestyle risk factors in Chile

et al. 2020

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“…Of importance, recent estimates suggest that close to half of all new cancer diagnoses and over half of cancer deaths could be prevented or delayed in developed countries by eliminating or reducing exposure to 'genotoxic' lifestyle and environmental exposures [2][3][4][5][6]. Indeed, using population-based historical estimates of (lifestyle) exposure prevalence, Canadian Population Attributable Risk of Cancer (ComPARe) project findings indicated that between 33 and 37% (up to 70,000 cases) of incident cancer cases among adults aged 30 years and over in 2015 were attributable to preventable risk factors in Canada [55].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and Cancer Prevention: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Jones

2020

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Establishment of the strong putative relationship between exercise and risk of virtually all non-communicable diseases prompted several research groups over the past two decades to investigate a question of significant public health concern: whether exercise lowers the risk of certain forms of cancer. In this Opinion review I first overview studies of exercise in cancer prevention summarizing evidence from observational studies and available clinical trials. In the final section, I consider the next steps in the continued development of exercise as a cancer prevention strategy.

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“…alcohol intake (1,2). Despite this, few Canadians engage in behaviours that are in line with evidencebased cancer prevention guidelines; 20% of Canadian adults smoke(3), 85% do not meet physical activity guidelines (4), 77% eat less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day (5), and 20% of men and 8% of women consume more than two alcoholic drinks per day (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an online knowledge translation intervention to promote cancer risk reduction behaviours: findings from a randomized controlled trial

Neil-Sztramko

Belita

Levinson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Many cancers are preventable through lifestyle modification; however, few adults engage in behaviours that are in line with cancer prevention guidelines. This may be partly due to the mixed messages on effective cancer prevention strategies in popular media. The goal of the McMaster Optimal Aging Portal (the Portal) is to increase access to trustworthy health information. The purpose of this study was to explore if and how knowledge translation strategies to disseminate cancer prevention evidence using the Portal influence participants’ knowledge, intentions and health behaviors related to cancer risk. Methods: Adults ≥40 years old, with no cancer history were randomized to a 12-week intervention (weekly emails and social media posts) or control group. Quantitative data on knowledge, intentions and behaviors (physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption and use of tobacco products) were collected at baseline, end of study and three months later. Participant engagement was assessed using Google Analytics, and participant satisfaction through open-ended survey questions and semi-structured interviews. Results: Participants (n = 557, mean age 64.9) were predominantly retired (72%) females (81%). Knowledge of cancer prevention guidelines was higher in the intervention group at end of study only (+0.3, p = 0.01). Intentions to follow cancer prevention guidelines increased in both groups, with no between-group differences. Intervention participants reported greater light-intensity physical activity at end of study (+0.7 vs. 0.1, p = 0.03), and reduced alcohol intake at follow u (-0.2 vs. + 0.3, p < 0.05), but no other between-group differences were found. Overall satisfaction with the Portal and intervention materials was high. Conclusions: Dissemination of evidence-based cancer prevention information through the Portal results in small increases in knowledge of risk-reduction strategies and with little to no impact on self-reported health behaviours, except in particular groups. Further tailoring of knowledge translation strategies may be needed to see more meaningful change in knowledge and health behaviours. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03186703, registered June 14, 2017

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The current and future burden of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in Canada: Summary of results

Cited by 77 publications

References 16 publications

Cancer cases and deaths attributable to lifestyle risk factors in Chile

Cancer cases and deaths attributable to lifestyle risk factors in Chile

Exercise and Cancer Prevention: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Evaluation of an online knowledge translation intervention to promote cancer risk reduction behaviours: findings from a randomized controlled trial

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