The current clinical picture of cerebral proliferative angiopathy: systematic review

Cerebral proliferative angiopathy depicted by four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography: A case report

“…4 D) in the lesion. Based on these imaging findings, unlike AVM and AVF, the abnormal vessels had no high-flow arteriovenous shunts, and the patient was finally diagnosed with CPA in accordance with the previously reported imaging findings [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] . His symptoms and imaging findings remained unchanged 1 year after the diagnosis.…”

“…Similar to the previously reported 4D-CTA of AVM and AVF [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , 4D-CTA of CPA visualized the hemodynamics as well as DSA. Moreover, 4D-CTA exhibited the abnormal vessels in higher contrast than right internal carotid angiography due to high spatial and time resolution, whereas the left external carotid angiography visualized the transdural supply, which is one of the characteristic findings of CPA [ 1 , [3] , [4] , [5] ], more clearly than 4D-CTA due to high vascular selectivity. Therefore, the high contrast of 4D-CTA and the high vascular selectivity of DSA play complementary roles in assessing the hemodynamics of CPA.…”

“…Cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder characterized by diffuse abnormal vessels with intermingled brain parenchyma fed by many arteries and draining into many veins without high-flow arteriovenous shunts, which is distinct from cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] . CPA is usually confirmed by conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA).…”

Betablocker Use in Cerebral Proliferative Angiopathy: Case Report

“…This entity is different from arteriovenous malformations (AVM) due to its clinical, angiographic, and pathophysiological characteristics. In the literature, we found just under 100 cases described, of which half were in the pioneer study [1,3].…”

“…The most common clinical manifestations include headache (44.9%), seizures (37.1%) and transient ischemic attacks (33.7%) [3]. Unlike AVM, it is noted that CPA has a lower relative risk of spontaneous bleeding (18%).…”