The current distribution of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in southern Latin America

Flueck, Werner T.; Smith-Flueck, Jo Anne M.; Naumann, Clas M.

doi:10.1007/bf02190451

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Deer expanded from Río Negro to the northern Chubut, Buenos Aires, Bariloche, San Martin de los Andes and Junin de los Andes (Lever 1985;Flueck et al 1995). Red deer cause negative effects over the native flora (Flueck et al 2003), alteration of forest growth patterns and composition (Veblen et al 1989) and negative effects over Ciprés, Maqui and Maitén. They also disrupt forest regeneration (Bonino 1995) and impact over the endemic pudu deer, Pudu pudu and Andean huemul, Hippocamelus bisulcus (Lever 1985).…”

Section: Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The exotic mammals of Argentina

2008

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Exotic mammals in South America represent about 20% of world mammal introductions. The aim of our paper is to provide a global assessment of the exotic mammals of Argentina, their pathways, impacts, and a synthesis of their attributes as potential invasive species. We reviewed and compiled data from a diversity of sources and databases on alien mammals occurring in feral state exclusively. We recorded 18 species of exotic mammals for Argentina. The majority of introductions occurred between the 18th and 19th centuries and their ports of entry were located in temperate ecosystems, between 34°and 55°S L. Most of their entry pathways were associated with human activities (e.g. sport hunting, food and fur industry). The exotic mammals occupy ecoregions similar to their original distributions, but most of them have experienced a range expansion to novel habitats. The fauna of exotic mammals of Argentina represents a good opportunity to understand the dynamics of the invasion process as they represent a diversity of ecological groups and environmental contexts.

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Section: Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The exotic mammals of Argentina

2008

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“…Serm. & Bizarri (ciprés de la cordillera) are being affected by ''mal del ciprés'', a syndrome caused by a poorly known agent (Filip and Rosso 1999;La Manna and Rajchenberg 2004;Greslebin and Hansen 2006) that causes root death and standing mortality followed by mass canopy collapse owing to root weakening and increased susceptibility to windthrow. At the landscape scale, poor soil drainage controls the occurrence of patches of standing dead trees of diverse sizes plus logs and fallen branches on the forest floor that appear interspersed in a matrix of healthy forest (La Manna et al 2008;Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of introduced ungulates on forest understory communities in northern Patagonia are modified by timing and severity of stand mortality

2008

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Natural disturbances such as fires, windstorms, floods, and herbivory often act on plant communities, affecting their structure and the abundance and composition of their species. Most research has focused on the effects of single disturbances on plant communities whereas the synergistic effects of several disturbances have received less attention. In this study, we evaluated how timing and severity of tree mortality modified plant use by introduced deer and early post-mortality successional trajectories in northern Patagonian conifer forests. We sampled understory composition and deer use in Austrocedrus chilensis (ciprés de la cordillera) forest stands undergoing varying timing and severity of forest mortality as reconstructed using dendroecological techniques. In addition, we evaluated the effect of fallen logs on plant composition and deer use of plants by monitoring areas of massive dieback where fallen logs had been removed for fire hazard reduction, and nearby control areas not subjected to such removal. Stepwise regression analyses showed that history and severity of tree mortality strongly influence plant composition and deer use of plants. For deer use (with pellet counts and browsing index as response variables), results showed a positive relationship with degree of stand mortality and a negative relationship with cover of fallen logs. Similarly, cover of unpalatable shrub species was explained by canopy mortality history, whereas cover of palatable shrub species was positively associated with severity of canopy mortality. In areas where fallen logs had been removed, pellet counts were six times higher than those in control areas. Though total shrub species cover was similar between log removal and control areas, proportion of unpalatable shrubs increased in areas where fallen logs had been removed. In conclusion, deer use of plants was strongly limited by tall fallen logs, allowing palatable species to establish and grow. Fallen log removal accelerated deer entrance and changed understory composition toward more browse-resistant and unpalatable species. These results underscore the importance of considering the dynamics (timing, severity, and extent) of fallen woody debris influencing understory herbivory and post-disturbance succession. In addition, experimental results underpin the importance of maintaining snags and large woody debris in disturbed landscapes where salvage logging is a routine procedure.

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“…However, among European wild ruminants, the red deer (Cervus elaphus) could perhaps constitute a potential wild reservoir for C. burnetii due to its geographic distribution, demographic status, importance as game, and behavior. The red deer displays broad global (11,12) and European (13) geographic distribution, with trends to increasing distribution and density (14,15). It is currently one of the most important game species among European large mammals (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Host and Environmental Factors Modulate the Exposure of Free-Ranging and Farmed Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) to Coxiella burnetii

González‐Barrio

Ávila

Boadella³

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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fThe control of multihost pathogens, such as Coxiella burnetii, should rely on accurate information about the roles played by the main hosts. We aimed to determine the involvement of the red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the ecology of C. burnetii. We predicted that red deer populations from broad geographic areas within a European context would be exposed to C. burnetii, and therefore, we hypothesized that a series of factors would modulate the exposure of red deer to C. burnetii. To test this hypothesis, we designed a retrospective survey of 47 Iberian red deer populations from which 1,751 serum samples and 489 spleen samples were collected. Sera were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in order to estimate exposure to C. burnetii, and spleen samples were analyzed by PCR in order to estimate the prevalence of systemic infections. Thereafter, we gathered 23 variables-within environmental, host, and management factors-potentially modulating the risk of exposure of deer to C. burnetii, and we performed multivariate statistical analyses to identify the main risk factors. Twenty-three populations were seropositive (48.9%), and C. burnetii DNA in the spleen was detected in 50% of the populations analyzed. The statistical analyses reflect the complexity of C. burnetii ecology and suggest that although red deer may maintain the circulation of C. burnetii without third species, the most frequent scenario probably includes other wild and domestic host species. These findings, taken together with previous evidence of C. burnetii shedding by naturally infected red deer, point at this wild ungulate as a true reservoir for C. burnetii and an important node in the life cycle of C. burnetii, at least in the Iberian Peninsula.C oxiella burnetii is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes Q fever, a disease that affects both humans and animals. Whereas the epidemiological status of C. burnetii in European domestic ruminants is well known (1), information for wildlife is mostly local and scattered (2, 3). Although the majority of human Q fever outbreaks are linked to the transmission of C. burnetii from domestic ruminants (4, 5), the ability of C. burnetii to infect wild hosts (3, 6) and its high environmental resistance (1) make wildlife species potential reservoirs of C. burnetii. Based on this hypothesis, wildlife could maintain C. burnetii and transmit it to wildlife (7), domestic animals (8), or humans (9). It is therefore of paramount relevance (i) to identify those potential wild reservoir species that could, through direct and indirect interactions, transmit C. burnetii to target species (domestic animals and humans) and (ii) to determine which environmental factors are the main drivers of C. burnetii within the most relevant wild reservoirs. Efficient prevention of C. burnetii transmission at the wildlifedomestic-animal-human interface can be approached only once the main reservoirs have been identified and the driving risk factors are known (10).Several wild ruminant species are present and wel...

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The current distribution of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in southern Latin America

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

The exotic mammals of Argentina

The exotic mammals of Argentina

Effects of introduced ungulates on forest understory communities in northern Patagonia are modified by timing and severity of stand mortality

Host and Environmental Factors Modulate the Exposure of Free-Ranging and Farmed Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) to Coxiella burnetii

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