The Current Landscape of Glioblastoma Biomarkers in Body Fluids

Zanganeh, Saba; Abbasgholinejad, Elham; Doroudian, Mohammad; Esmaelizad, Nazanin; Farjadian, Fatemeh; Benhabbour, S. Rahima

doi:10.3390/cancers15153804

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…RNA analysis can also serve as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression and response to treatment. Like cfDNA, cfRNA can also be extracted from CSF, blood, and urine [100]. cfRNA originates from tumour cells and is released into the bloodstream through necrotic or apoptotic cells or a vesicle-free RNA-binding protein-dependent pathway.…”

Section: Cell-free Nucleic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles in the Management of Glioblastoma

Roda,

Veiga,

Melo

et al. 2024

Genes

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Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and common malignant primary brain tumour, is characterized by infiltrative growth, abundant vascularization, and aggressive clinical evolution. Patients with glioblastoma often face poor prognoses, with a median survival of approximately 15 months. Technological progress and the subsequent improvement in understanding the pathophysiology of these tumours have not translated into significant achievements in therapies or survival outcomes for patients. Progress in molecular profiling has yielded new omics data for a more refined classification of glioblastoma. Several typical genetic and epigenetic alterations in glioblastoma include mutations in genes regulating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/rat sarcoma (RAS)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p53, and retinoblastoma protein (RB) signalling, as well as mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), methylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor vIII, and codeletion of 1p/19q. Certain microRNAs, such as miR-10b and miR-21, have also been identified as prognostic biomarkers. Effective treatment options for glioblastoma are limited. Surgery, radiotherapy, and alkylating agent chemotherapy remain the primary pillars of treatment. Only promoter methylation of the gene MGMT predicts the benefit from alkylating chemotherapy with temozolomide and it guides the choice of first-line treatment in elderly patients. Several targeted strategies based on tumour-intrinsic dominant signalling pathways and antigenic tumour profiles are under investigation in clinical trials. This review explores the potential genetic and epigenetic biomarkers that could be deployed as analytical tools in the diagnosis and prognostication of glioblastoma. Recent clinical advancements in treating glioblastoma are also discussed, along with the potential of liquid biopsies to advance personalized medicine in the field of glioblastoma, highlighting the challenges and promises for the future.

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Section: Cell-free Nucleic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles in the Management of Glioblastoma

Roda,

Veiga,

Melo

et al. 2024

Genes

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“…Blood biomarkers that are in circulation, such as certain proteins and nucleic acids, along with metabolites, may provide information about the existence, course, or responsiveness to therapy of a malignancy. The identification of cell-free miRNAs in bodily fluids such as serum and plasma has provided a subtle source of biomarkers for a variety of disorders, including carcinoma [ 31 ]. Liquid biopsies, which include circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assessment, allow for the identification of tumor-specific changes without the need for tissue samples.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zanganeh et al, [31] 2023 USA The utilization of biomarkers in bodily fluids shows hope in glioblastoma detection, diagnosis, as well as surveillance.…”

Section: Sanvito Et Al [3] 2021 Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Landscape of Pediatric Glioblastoma Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review of Enhancing Diagnostics and Therapeutic Insights

Katole,

Kaple

2024

Cureus

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Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumor, poses significant challenges to patients, caregivers, and clinicians alike. Pediatric glioblastoma is a rare and aggressive brain tumor that presents unique challenges in treatment. It differs from its adult counterpart in terms of genetic and molecular characteristics. Its incidence is relatively low, but the prognosis remains grim due to its aggressive behavior. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques and histopathological analysis. The rarity of the disease underscores the need for effective treatment strategies. In recent years, the quest to understand and manage pediatric glioblastoma has seen a significant shift towards unraveling the intricate landscape of biomarkers. Surgery remains a cornerstone of glioblastoma management, aiming to resect as much of the tumor as possible. Glioblastoma’s infiltrative nature presents challenges in achieving a complete surgical resection. This comprehensive review delves into the realm of pediatric glioblastoma biomarkers, shedding light on their potential to not only revolutionize diagnostics but also shape therapeutic strategies. From personalized treatment selection to the development of targeted therapies, the potential impact of these biomarkers on clinical outcomes is undeniable. Moreover, this review underscores the substantial implications of biomarker-driven approaches for therapeutic interventions. All advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy hold promise for the treatment of pediatric glioblastoma. The genetic profiling of tumors allows for personalized approaches, potentially improving treatment efficacy. The ethical dilemmas surrounding pediatric cancer treatment, particularly balancing potential benefits with risks, are complex. Ongoing clinical trials and preclinical research suggest exciting avenues for future interventions.

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“…This method reveals various alterations and anomalies in the RNA cargo, which might be linked to disease and could serve as a biomarker for a particular condition. For example, the detection of tumor-specific mRNA in the EVs isolated from serum samples of glioblastoma patients [87,88]. Increased levels of certain miRNAs have been discovered in EVs isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological disorders and cancer [89][90][91].…”

Section: Applications Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: Tiny Messengers for Mighty RNA Delivery

Das

2024

Biologics

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a diverse array of cell-derived vesicles, originating either from the endosomal compartment (exosomes) or generated through shedding from the cell membrane. These lipid bilayer nanovesicles carry a diverse cargo consisting of nucleic acids, various macromolecules, and growth factors, capable of being assimilated by nearby or distant cells through biofluids, thereby triggering a wide range of cellular responses. Given their distinctive biological characteristics and crucial roles in intercellular communication, EVs have garnered significant attention, especially concerning potential clinical applications. Inheriting cargo from their parent cells, EVs present promising resources for diverse disease biomarkers. Research elucidating the specific impacts of cargo on target cells has sparked enthusiasm for their therapeutic potential. Compelling evidence indicates that RNA cargo housed within EVs can modulate gene expression and influence cellular functions in recipient cells. However, despite significant progress, numerous aspects of EV biology remain obscure, encompassing selective cargo-loading mechanisms that yield distinct compositions from source cells, variability in size and content, and undisclosed pathways governing uptake and cargo fate in recipient cells. A thorough understanding of core EV mechanisms—such as generation, trafficking, and payload delivery—is essential for their effective clinical utilization. This review explores the current understanding of RNA loading and transportation within EVs, shedding light on the advancements made toward clinical applications.

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The Current Landscape of Glioblastoma Biomarkers in Body Fluids

Cited by 14 publications

References 110 publications

Principles in the Management of Glioblastoma

Principles in the Management of Glioblastoma

Unraveling the Landscape of Pediatric Glioblastoma Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review of Enhancing Diagnostics and Therapeutic Insights

Extracellular Vesicles: Tiny Messengers for Mighty RNA Delivery

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