The current situation and countermeasures for conservation of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan, Qingdao, China

Zhang, Xuliang; Wang, Lihua; Zheng, Liu; Tao, Zheng; Cao, Yinghui; Liu, Xiujun

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20190051

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…While clustered large old trees are mainly found as small natural features in primitive forests, scattered large old trees usually occur in human-dominated landscapes as spatially isolated individual trees. In comparison, scattered large old trees are more susceptible to a range of threats such as climate change, diseases, pests, natural disasters, poor living environments, and human disturbance [6][7][8]. Therefore, targeted fine-scale strategies are required for the conservation and management of this ancient natural heritage [6,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Rural Large Old Trees with Multi-Scale Strategies: Integrating Spatial Analysis and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) for Socio-Cultural Value Assessment

Yao,

Gu,

et al. 2023

Forests

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Governments are faced with the unique challenge of implementing large-scale and targeted protection against the global decline of large old trees. Incorporating socio-cultural values and encouraging public involvement are important parts of conservation policy. However, current studies on the socio-cultural valuation of large old trees are still limited, and how rural residents perceive the human-related value of large old trees remains largely unknown. Using a quantitative, spatial analysis and the contingent valuation method (CVM), we tried to explore a multi-scale socio-cultural valuation and protection framework based on a case study of Baoding City and Xiongan New Area in North China. The results showed that (1) the scattered large old trees in the study area were generally at a relatively younger stage, showing normal growth performance but having poor living environments. Some 96.99% of the trees resided in the countryside. Their distribution showed an agglomerative pattern with several clusters. (2) The species richness was relatively lower than that reported in urban areas. The species diversity had an obvious high–low gradient from the mountain to plain areas. Most endemic species were found in habitats of the village fringe (VF) and government/community/institutional ground (GC). (3) The mean willingness to pay (WTP) for the socio-cultural value of scattered large old trees was CNY 132.48 per year per person (1 US dollar equals about 7.2 CNY) of all the respondents, and CNY 84.30 per year per person with regard to farmers, which is relatively higher than that reported in large cities. (4) Economic income, gender, age, education level, place of residence, diameter at breast height, and tree habitat were factors that significantly influenced the WTP, among which economic income was the most significant. (5) The importance ranking of socio-cultural value connotations perceived by rural residents was as follows: spiritual attachment and homesickness > fengshui > social bond > witnessing history > education > creative inspiration. (6) The annual gross value was estimated to be CNY 349 million in the study area, and CNY 169,500 for a single tree on average. Based on the case study, a conceptual framework for socio-cultural value assessment and multi-scale protection of large old trees was proposed, which can provide references for the improvement of current conservation policies from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives, and give insights into rural revitalization strategies in China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Rural Large Old Trees with Multi-Scale Strategies: Integrating Spatial Analysis and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) for Socio-Cultural Value Assessment

Yao,

Gu,

et al. 2023

Forests

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“…Researchers have studied heritage trees in various aspects, such as species and diversity (Capotorti, Del Vico, Anzellotti, & Celesti-Grapow, 2017;Nero, Kwapong, Jatta, & Fatunbi, 2018), individuals of heritage trees and their distribution in Hong Kong and Shenzhen City (Lai, Jim, Tang, Hong, & Zhang, 2019;Liu, Wang, Chen, Yi, Zeng, & Xing, 2008), age structure (Xu, Guan, Zhang, Li, Zhao, Ross, & Shen, 2021), health condition and functional diversity (Czortek & Pielech, 2020;Townsend & Barton, 2018), monetary environmental value, protecting status and challenges (Childers, Cadenasso, Grove, Marshall, McGrath, & Pickett, 2015;Zhong, Li, & Wang, 2014), habitat improvement (Ou, Zhong, & Li, 2007;Mckinney, 2006), pest prevention, tree trunk consolidation and rejuvenation, and methods of indexing tree-related data since the 1990s (Bertheau, Brockerhoff, Roux-Morabito, Lieutier, & Jactel, 2010;Zhang, Wang, Liu, Zheng, Cao, & Liu, 2019;Zhang, Cui, Liu, Zhang, Xi, Li, & Lu, 2017)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their distribution in different land-use types and the ownership and protection measures of each heritage tree are determined according to its habitats and the surrounding environment. The composition of genera areal-types of heritage trees is analysed and compared with that of the natural vegetation in Yishan Scenic Spot of Weifang City based on related literature (Zhang, Wang, Liu, Zheng, Cao, & Liu, 2019;Wu, 2007;Wang & Li, 2002;Wu, 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

Protecting Heritage Trees in Weifang City, Shandong Province, Northern China

Qi¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

2023

ASIR

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Heritage trees are long-lived trees or notable trees with great historical significance, scientific value, or commemorative importance. Many heritage trees have been preserved in Weifang City, Shandong Province, Northern China. In this paper, the origin, species diversity, age structure, health, surrounding habitats, distribution, genera floristic composition, and challenges of protecting the heritage trees were investigated using literature analysis, field survey, and interview. There are 864 heritage trees in the city, composed of 49 species, 41 genera, and 25 families. The heritage trees are divided into three original types: religious trees, naturally dispersed and preserved wild trees, and trees with agricultural backgrounds or used as offerings. Particularly, Sophora japonica, Ziziphus jujube, Ginkgo biloba, Sabina chinensis, Platycladus orientalis, and Osmanthus fragrans are the six most common species. There are 208 individuals of 500 years or elder, 293 individuals of 300–499 years old, 359 individuals of 100–299 years old, and 4 individuals of notable trees. Most of them are distributed in low-urbanized areas of the 4 county-level cities and Linqu county, and few are distributed in high-urbanized areas of the 4 districts of Weifang City. There are 14, 12, and 6 genera belonging to the areal-types of Temperate, Cosmopolitan, and Tropic, respectively, similar to that of wild seed plants in Yishan Mountain. There are some challenges in protecting heritage trees, such as urbanization, habitat deterioration, natural disasters, anthropic activities, health decline, and inadequate management. Some protection measures that have been taken previously are summarized, and some measures that should be taken in the future are proposed.

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The current situation and countermeasures for conservation of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan, Qingdao, China

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Protecting Rural Large Old Trees with Multi-Scale Strategies: Integrating Spatial Analysis and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) for Socio-Cultural Value Assessment

Protecting Rural Large Old Trees with Multi-Scale Strategies: Integrating Spatial Analysis and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) for Socio-Cultural Value Assessment

Protecting Heritage Trees in Weifang City, Shandong Province, Northern China

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