The current status of low level laser therapy in dentistry, Part 1. Soft tissue applications

Walsh, L. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1997.tb00129.x

Cited by 271 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These are generally variants of either gallium:aluminium:arsenide which emit in the near infrared spectrum (700-940 nm). 25 In our study we used gallium:aluminium:arsenide laser for 20 seconds, 980 nm wavelength, 15 J/cm 2 . The results of this study showed that the mean pain intensity in VAS1 in the group receiving laser was lower than in the group that did not receive laser (P = 0.031).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Depth of Anesthesia During Endodontic Treatment of Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial)

et al. 2017

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IntroductionAchieving appropriate anesthesia in mandibular molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis is one of the most challenging aspects of root canal treatment.1 It is more complicated in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.2 Inferior alveolar nerve block is not profoundly successful in mandibular teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and sometimes supplemental techniques are necessary. 3Nowadays photobiomodulation (PBM) is considered as an adjunct in anesthesia, the addition of galliumaluminum-arsenide laser irradiation to intravenous regional anesthesia is safe, and reduces pain during and after the operation. The most local anesthetics in dentistry block sodium channels. Tetrodotoxin resistance sodium channels are resistant to local anesthetics and sensitized by prostaglandins. 5PBM has been used in dentistry for its anti-inflammatory, 6 regeneration 7 and analgesic 4 properties. It can prevent nerve impulse conduction. Studies have shown that laser irradiation prevents axonal transmission of signals in nerve fibers A-delta and C, since nociceptive signals are transmitted by the fibers of to the spinal cord, it is likely that laser radiation reduces the transmission and subsequently reduces the feeling of pain.8 PBM effectiveness was shown in reducing pain after root canal therapy, 9 but it hasn't been used as an adjunct in anesthesia in dentistry. Some PBM applications in dentistry include the following: To control pain, swelling and inflammation after surgery thus reducing the need for medication. 10To reduce pain after tooth fillings or dentin cutting with an inhibitory effect on the pulp nervous system. 11The anti-inflammatory mechanism of PBM and its Abstract Introduction: Achieving appropriate anesthesia in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars during endodontic treatment is always one of the most challenging aspects. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used in dentistry due to its anti-inflammatory properties and regenerative effects. This study evaluates the effects of PBM in the depth of anesthesia in inferior alveolar nerve block. Methods:In this randomized clinical trial, 44 patients requiring endodontic treatment in lower molar, left or right were selected, half of them were randomly treated with PBM therapy. Laser irradiation by 980 nm diode laser with a single dose (15 J/cm 2 , for 20 seconds) before anesthesia was performed at the buccal aspect. Inferior alveolar nerve block was performed once. Success was defined as no or mild pain (no need for any supplemental injection), based on the visual analogue scale during access cavity preparation. Results were evaluated using SPSS software. Results:The results of this study showed that the necessity for supplemental injection was lower in the group receiving laser than in the group without laser (P = 0.033). The mean pain intensity during dentin cutting was lower in the group receiving laser than in the group without laser (P = 0.031). Also, the mean pain intensity during pulp dropping was lower in the gr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Depth of Anesthesia During Endodontic Treatment of Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial)

et al. 2017

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“…At low doses (2 J/cm 2 ) phototherapy stimulates fibroblast proliferation while higher doses (16 J/cm 2 ) are suppressive, pointing to the dose dependence of biological responses after light exposure. Low energy laser irradiation alters the cellular function by influencing protein synthesis, cell growth and differentiation, cell motility, membrane potential and binding affinities, neurotransmitter release, ATP synthesis, and prostaglandin synthesis [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of laser fluence in cell viability, proliferation, and membrane integrity of wounded human skin fibroblasts following helium‐neon laser irradiation

2006

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Background: In medicine, lasers have been used predominantly for applications, which are broadly termed low level laser therapy (LLLT), phototherapy or photobiomodulation. This study aimed to establish cellular responses to Helium-Neon (632.8 nm) laser irradiation using different laser fluences (0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, and 16 J/cm 2 ) with a single exposure on 2 consecutive days on normal and wounded human skin fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: Changes in normal and wounded fibroblast cell morphology were evaluated by light microscopy. Changes following laser irradiation were evaluated by assessing the mitochondrial activity using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) luminescence, cell proliferation using neutral red and an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, membrane integrity using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and percentage cytotoxicity and DNA damage using the Comet assay. Results: Morphologically, wounded cells exposed to 5 J/ cm 2 migrate rapidly across the wound margin indicating a stimulatory or positive influence of phototherapy. A dose of 5 J/cm 2 has a stimulatory influence on wounded fibroblasts with an increase in cell proliferation and cell viability without adversely increasing the amount of cellular and molecular damage. Higher doses (10 and 16 J/cm 2 ) were characterized by a decrease in cell viability and cell proliferation with a significant amount of damage to the cell membrane and DNA. Conclusions: Results show that 5 J/cm 2 stimulates mitochondrial activity, which leads to normalization of cell function and ultimately stimulates cell proliferation and migration of wounded fibroblasts to accelerate wound closure. Laser irradiation can modify cellular processes in a dose or fluence (J/cm 2 ) dependent manner. Lasers Surg.

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“…20,29 Angiogenesis is also beneficial to OTM by allowing greater movement of oxygen, nutrients and chemical mediators of inflammation, and by facilitating the infiltration of repair cells. 30 It also promotes the arrival of osteoclasts, cells that arise from monocytes in the bone marrow and are transported through the bloodstream.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of two protocols for low-level laser application in patients submitted to orthodontic treatment

Marquezan¹,

Bolognese

Araújo

2013

Dental Press J. Orthod.

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Introduction:Different low-level laser (LLL) irradiation protocols have been tested to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Nevertheless, divergent results have been obtained. It was suggested that the stimulatory action of low level laser irradiation occurs during the proliferation and differentiation stages of bone cellular precursors, but not during later stages. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two protocols of LLL irradiation on experimental tooth movement: One with daily irradiations and another with irradiations during the early stages. Methods: Thirty-six rats were divided into control groups (CG1, CG2, CG3) and irradiated groups (IrG1, IrG2, IrG3) according to the presence of: experimental tooth movement, laser irradiation, type of laser irradiation protocol and date of euthanasia (3th or 8th day of experiment). At the end of experimental periods, a quantitative evaluation of the amount of OTM was made and the reactions of the periodontium were analyzed by describing cellular and tissue reactions and by counting blood vessels. Results: The amount of OTM revealed no significant differences between groups in the same experimental period (p < 0.05). Qualitative analysis revealed the strongest resorption activity in irradiated groups after seven days, especially when using the daily irradiation protocol. There was a higher number of blood vessels in irradiated animals than in animals without orthodontic devices and without laser irradiation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Moreover, angiogenesis was verified in some of the irradiated groups. The irradiation protocols tested were not able to accelerate OTM and root resorption was observed while they were applied. Keywords: Lasers. Low-level laser therapy. Tooth movement. Angiogenesis inducing agents. Introdução: diferentes protocolos de irradiação por laser de baixa potência (LBP) têm sido testados para potencializar o movimento ortodôntico; entretanto, há resultados divergentes. Foi sugerido que seu efeito bioestimulador ocorre nas fases de proliferação e diferenciação celular, não agindo em estágios tardios. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de dois protocolos de irradiação do LBP na movimentação ortodôntica: um com irradiações diárias e outro em que irradiações foram realizadas apenas nos períodos iniciais. Métodos: trinta e seis ratos Wistar foram divididos em grupos controles (GC1, GC2 e GC3) e irradiados (GIr1, GIr2 e GIr3), de acordo com a presença de dispositivo ortodôntico, a presença de irradiação, o tipo de protocolo de irradiação e a data de eutanásia (3º ou 8º dia de experimento). Ao final dos períodos experimentais, foram realizadas mensurações da movimentação dentária, análise qualitativa das reações celulares e teciduais do periodonto e contagem de vasos sanguíneos no ligamento periodontal. Resultados: a quantidade de movimentação não diferiu entre os grupos num mesmo tempo experimental (p < 0,05). A análise qualitativa revelou maior atividade absortiva nos grupos irradiados ao final de 7 dias, especialmente quand...

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The current status of low level laser therapy in dentistry, Part 1. Soft tissue applications

Cited by 271 publications

References 43 publications

The Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Depth of Anesthesia During Endodontic Treatment of Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial)

The Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Depth of Anesthesia During Endodontic Treatment of Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial)

The role of laser fluence in cell viability, proliferation, and membrane integrity of wounded human skin fibroblasts following helium‐neon laser irradiation

Evaluation of two protocols for low-level laser application in patients submitted to orthodontic treatment

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