“…Though the level of specialization was generally narrower, curriculum patterns at black colleges often emulated those at white institutions, as it was widely held that curricular differences would be misjudged as intellectual deficiencies (Daniel and Daniel, 1946). This calculation often failed to mollify early critics who thought black colleges were "handicapped by the tenacity with which they have clung to the classical form of curriculum" (W. M. Cole, 2006, p. 358), a curriculum they deemed superfluous and impractical for black students.…”