The cysteine S–H stretching mode reports on long‐range conformational changes in pyruvate oxidase from E. coli

Abstract

The pyruvate oxidases from Escherichia coli (EcPOX) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LpPOX) are both thiamin‐dependent flavoenzymes. Their sequence and structure are closely related, and they catalyse similar reactions—but they differ in their activity pattern: LpPOX is always highly active, EcPOX only when activated by lipids or limited proteolysis, both involving the protein's C‐terminal 23 residues (the ‘α‐peptide’). Here, we relate the redox‐induced infrared (IR) difference spectrum of EcPOX to its unusual activation mechanism. The IR difference spectrum of EcPOX is marked by contributions from the protein backbone, reflecting major conformational changes. A rare sulfhydryl (−SH) difference signal indicates changes in the vicinity of cysteines. We could pin the Cys–SH difference signal to Cys88 and Cys494, both being remote from the moving α‐peptide and the redox‐active flavin cofactor. Yet, when the α‐peptide is proteolytically removed, the Cys–SH difference signal disappears, together with several difference signals in the amide range. The remaining IR signature of the permanently activated EcPOXΔ23 is strikingly similar to the simpler signature of LpPOX. The loss of the α‐peptide ‘transforms’ the catalytically complex EcPOX into the catalytically ‘simpler’ LpPOX.

Unnatural Amino Acids for Biological Spectroscopy and Microscopy

“…6 ps) in a protein environment . Therefore, it could be used as a site-specific IR probe of proteins. , Similarly, many other molecular vibrations, such as those arising from phosphate (−PO 3 ), fluorocarbon (−CF), , thioamide (CS), cyanamide (HN–CN), , diazo (CNN), and isonitrile (NC), − have been evaluated and proposed to be useful as site-specific IR probes of protein structure and dynamics. However, by far none of them has attracted broad biological utilities.…”