The Cytokinin Control of Protein Synthesis in Plants

Szweykowska, A.; Gwóźdź, Edward A.; Spychała, Michał

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68035-9_19

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thus, the cytokinin signal probably directly impacts the protein synthesis machinery by the type‐B ARR‐dependent transcriptional regulation of genes that encode translation promotive factors. This is in agreement with other early studies that described a promotive effect of cytokinins on the formation of polyribosomes (Short et al , 1974; Fosket et al , 1977; Szweykowska et al , 1981). Moreover, recent proteomics studies have revealed that the effect of cytokinin on the protein synthesis machinery is probably multifactorial as changes in cytokinin content altered the abundance of proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis as well as in translation (Cerny et al , 2011, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Previous studies have shown that cytokinin treatments increase protein synthesis rates (Klämbt, 1976; Muren & Fosket, 1977; Tepfer & Fosket, 1978; Szweykowska et al , 1981). This effect was attributed to cytokinin/tRNA interactions that increase the affinity of ribosomes for aminoacyl‐tRNAs and thus improve the codon recognition in polyribosomal complexes (Szweykowska et al , 1981). However, here we show that the stimulatory effect of cytokinin on protein synthesis involves the canonical cytokinin response pathway and that this effect is diminished in cytokinin‐resistant seedlings that carry defects in two key members of the type‐B ARR family of response activators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Cytokinin‐induced protein synthesis suppresses growth and osmotic stress tolerance

et al. 2020

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Cytokinins control critical aspects of plant development and environmental responses. Perception of cytokinin ultimately leads to the activation of proteins belonging to the type-B Response Regulator family of cytokinin response activators. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ARR1 is one of the most abundantly expressed type-B Response Regulators.We investigated the link between cytokinin signaling, protein synthesis, plant growth and osmotic stress tolerance.We show that the increased cytokinin signaling in ARR1 gain-of-function transgenic lines is associated with increased rates of protein synthesis, which lead to growth inhibition and hypersensitivity to osmotic stress. Cytokinin-induced growth inhibition and osmotic stress hypersensitivity were rescued by treatments with ABA, a hormone known to inhibit protein synthesis. We also demonstrate that cytokinin-induced protein synthesis requires isoforms of the ribosomal protein L4 encoded by the cytokinin-inducible genes RPL4A and RPL4D, and that RPL4 loss-of-function increases osmotic stress tolerance and decreases sensitivity to cytokinin-induced growth inhibition.These findings reveal that an increase in protein synthesis negatively impacts growth and osmotic stress tolerance and explain some of the adverse effects of elevated cytokinin action on plant development and stress physiology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cytokinin‐induced protein synthesis suppresses growth and osmotic stress tolerance

et al. 2020

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“…The stimulatory effects of BA in nutrient-deficient plants of Plantago major ssp. pleiosperma, as well as in 'stressed' plants of other species, include delaying of senescence, decreased stomatal resistance (Garrison et al 1984), stimulation of protein synthesis (Szweykowska et al 1981) and chlorophyll concentration (Dei 1983). increased availability of reducing sugars (Takeuchi et al 1985) and increased uptake of NO, from the nutrient solution (Darrall andWareing 1981, Parkash 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin concentration in relation to mineral nutrition and benzyladenine treatment in Plantago major ssp. pleiosperma

Kuiper

Kuiper²,

Lambers

et al. 1989

Physiologia Plantarum

124

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Cytokinins in shoot and root tissue were studied in plants of Plantago major L. ssp. pleiosperma (Pilger) grown on a concentrated and on a dilute nutrient solution. Cytokinins of plants transferred from the concentrated to the dilute solution were compared with plants treated similarly but with 10−8M benzyladenine (BA) added to the dilute solution. Cytokinin concentrations were also measured in plants that had been grown throughout on one of the two nutrient solutions. A restricted supply of minerals was correlated with low cytokinin concentrations. Transfer from a concentrated nutrient solution to a dilute solution depressed the cytokinin concentration by 50% within two days of transfer. This decline did not appear if similar plants were supplied with 10−8M BA in the dilute solution. The glucosides were the only major cytokinins enhanced by mineral shortage. This effect of low mineral supply was retarded but not entirely prevented by exogenous BA. The increased synthesis of glucosides in the BA‐treated plants was accompanied by lowered concentrations of free bases and their ribosides and of nucleotides. The sum of cytokinins in BA‐treated plants was thus similar to that in plants grown at the high mineral level. The results are discussed in relation to a possible role of cytokinins in regulating growth responses to changes in mineral nutrition.

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“…It was discovered long ago that extrinsic cytokinin application to plant tissue or cell-free extracts can promote mRNA translation [68][69][70][71] . Recent studies further confirmed that the upregulation of translation by cytokinin is at least in part mediated by the cytokinin signaling pathway 67,75 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Why does the plant upregulate cytokinin signaling at the cost of robust morphogenesis under translation-inhibited conditions? Early studies revealed that cytokinin signaling can stimulate translation [67][68][69][70][71] , by increasing transcription or protein abundance of ribosomal components or biogenesis factors [72][73][74] and modification of initiation and elongation factors 75 . We therefore hypothesized that an increase in cytokinin signaling under translation-inhibited conditions such as in drmy1 serves to sustain a survivable rate of translation in a feedback loop.…”

Section: Upregulation Of Cytokinin Signaling Is Required To Sustain T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

DRMY1 promotes robust morphogenesis by sustaining the translation of cytokinin signaling inhibitor proteins

Kong

Zhu

Scarpin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Robustness is the invariant development of phenotype despite environmental changes and genetic perturbations. In the Arabidopsis flower bud, four sepals initiate at robust positions and times and grow to equal size to enclose and protect the inner floral organs. We previously characterized the mutantdevelopment related myb-like1(drmy1), where 3-5 sepals initiate at irregular positions and variable times and grow to different sizes, compromising their protective function. The molecular mechanism underlying this loss of robustness was unclear. Here, we show thatdrmy1has reduced TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) activity, ribosomal content, and translation. Translation reduction decreases the protein level of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR7 (ARR7), a rapidly synthesized and degraded cytokinin signaling inhibitor. The resultant upregulation of cytokinin signaling disrupts the robust positioning of auxin signaling, causing variable sepal initiation. Our work shows that the homeostasis of translation, a ubiquitous cellular process, is crucial for the robust spatiotemporal patterning of organogenesis.

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The Cytokinin Control of Protein Synthesis in Plants

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Cytokinin‐induced protein synthesis suppresses growth and osmotic stress tolerance

Cytokinin‐induced protein synthesis suppresses growth and osmotic stress tolerance

Cytokinin concentration in relation to mineral nutrition and benzyladenine treatment in Plantago major ssp. pleiosperma

DRMY1 promotes robust morphogenesis by sustaining the translation of cytokinin signaling inhibitor proteins

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