The cytoskeleton in plant cell growth: lessons from root hairs

Ketelaar, Tijs; Emons, A.M.C.

doi:10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00278.x

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…In intercalary growing cells, it is widely accepted that microtubules limit the direction of cell expansion (for review, see Ketelaar and Emons, 2001). Our data show that in root hairs, microtubules perform a similar function that becomes apparent only when the actin-based cell growth process has been disturbed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Unstable F-Actin Specifies the Area and Microtubule Direction of Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis Root Hairs

2002

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Plant cells expand by exocytosis of wall material contained in Golgi-derived vesicles. We examined the role of local instability of the actin cytoskeleton in specifying the exocytosis site in Arabidopsis root hairs. During root hair growth, a specific actin cytoskeleton configuration is present in the cell's subapex, which consists of fine bundles of actin filaments that become more and more fine toward the apex, where they may be absent. Pulse application of low concentrations of the actin-depolymerizing drugs cytochalasin D and latrunculin A broadened growing root hair tips (i.e., they increased the area of cell expansion). Interestingly, recovery from cytochalasin D led to new growth in the original growth direction, whereas in the presence of oryzalin, a microtubule-depolymerizing drug, this direction was altered. Oryzalin alone, at the same concentration, had no influence on root hair elongation. These results represent an important step toward understanding the spatial and directional regulation of root hair growth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Unstable F-Actin Specifies the Area and Microtubule Direction of Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis Root Hairs

2002

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“…Actin preservation was indistinguishable from what we previously obtained using 4% formaldehyde following MBS (Geitmann et al, 2000). MBS has been reported to stop cytoplasmic streaming within seconds (Ketelaar and Emons, 2001). The treatment times indicated in the text are the time point after treatment that MBS was added.…”

Section: Immunolocalizationsupporting

confidence: 43%

Microtubules Are a Target for Self-Incompatibility Signaling in Papaver Pollen

2008

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Perception and integration of signals into responses is of crucial importance to cells. Both the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton are known to play a role in mediating diverse stimulus responses. Self-incompatibility (SI) is an important mechanism to prevent self-fertilization. SI in Papaver rhoeas triggers a Ca 21 -dependent signaling network to trigger programmed cell death (PCD), providing a neat way to inhibit and destroy incompatible pollen. We previously established that SI stimulates F-actin depolymerization and that altering actin dynamics can push pollen tubes into PCD. Very little is known about the role of microtubules in pollen tubes. Here, we investigated whether the pollen tube microtubule cytoskeleton is a target for the SI signals. We show that SI triggers very rapid apparent depolymerization of cortical microtubules, which, unlike actin, does not reorganize later. Actin depolymerization can trigger microtubule depolymerization but not vice versa. Moreover, although disruption of microtubule dynamics alone does not trigger PCD, alleviation of SI-induced PCD by taxol implicates a role for microtubule depolymerization in mediating PCD. Together, our data provide good evidence that SI signals target the microtubule cytoskeleton and suggest that signal integration between microfilaments and microtubules is required for triggering of PCD.

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“…There is a large body of work devoted to understanding the roles played by actin filaments and microtubules in cytoplasmic streaming of plant cells (28,75,87,135,149,178). In the case of tip-growing cells, the accumulated evidence suggests that vesicle and organelle movement in cytoplasmic streams involves myosin-based motors moving along actin filaments.…”

Section: Roles Of Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeleton In Tip-growing Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection and Invasion of Roots by Symbiotic, Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobia during Nodulation of Temperate Legumes

Gage

2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

775

532

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Bacteria belonging to the genera Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Azorhizobium (collectively referred to as rhizobia) grow in the soil as free-living organisms but can also live as nitrogen-fixing symbionts inside root nodule cells of legume plants. The interactions between several rhizobial species and their host plants have become models for this type of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. Temperate legumes such as alfalfa, pea, and vetch form indeterminate nodules that arise from root inner and middle cortical cells and grow out from the root via a persistent meristem. During the formation of functional indeterminate nodules, symbiotic bacteria must gain access to the interior of the host root. To get from the outside to the inside, rhizobia grow and divide in tubules called infection threads, which are composite structures derived from the two symbiotic partners. This review focuses on symbiotic infection and invasion during the formation of indeterminate nodules. It summarizes root hair growth, how root hair growth is influenced by rhizobial signaling molecules, infection of root hairs, infection thread extension down root hairs, infection thread growth into root tissue, and the plant and bacterial contributions necessary for infection thread formation and growth. The review also summarizes recent advances concerning the growth dynamics of rhizobial populations in infection threads

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The cytoskeleton in plant cell growth: lessons from root hairs

Cited by 42 publications

References 89 publications

Unstable F-Actin Specifies the Area and Microtubule Direction of Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis Root Hairs

Unstable F-Actin Specifies the Area and Microtubule Direction of Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis Root Hairs

Microtubules Are a Target for Self-Incompatibility Signaling in Papaver Pollen

Infection and Invasion of Roots by Symbiotic, Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobia during Nodulation of Temperate Legumes

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