The cytosolic carboxypeptidases CCP2 and CCP3 catalyze posttranslational removal of acidic amino acids

Tort, Olivia; Tanco, Sebastián; Rocha, Cecilia; Bièche, Ivan; Seixas, Cecília; Bosc, Christophe; Andrieux, Annie; Moutin, Marie‐Jo; Avilés, Francesc X.; Lorenzo, Júlia; Janke, Carsten

doi:10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1072

Cited by 67 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Despite their general abundance on stable MT assemblies, each PTM is expected to fulfil specific functions in the regulation of the MT cytoskeleton. The functional characterization of tubulin PTMs is an emerging field that has been strongly advanced by the discovery of many of the enzymes involved in tubulin acetylation (Akella et al, 2010;Shida et al, 2010), tyrosination (Ersfeld et al, 1993), polyglutamylation (Ikegami et al, 2006;Janke et al, 2005;Kimura et al, 2010;Rogowski et al, 2010;Tort et al, 2014;van Dijk et al, 2007) and polyglycylation (Ikegami and Setou, 2009;Rogowski et al, 2009;Wloga et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glycylation is, similar to glutamylation, generated by enzymes of the tubulin tyrosine ligaselike (TTLL) family (Janke et al, 2005;Rogowski et al, 2009;van Dijk et al, 2007;Wloga et al, 2009). So far no reverse enzyme (deglycylase) has been found for this PTM, while deglutamylases have been identified as members of a family of cytosolic carboxy peptidases (CCP; Kimura et al, 2010;Rogowski et al, 2010;Tort et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in the balance of tubulin glycylation and glutamylation in photoreceptors leads to retinal degeneration

Grau

Masson

Gadadhar

et al. 2017

Journal of Cell Science

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Tubulin is subject to a wide variety of posttranslational modifications, which, as part of the tubulin code, are involved in the regulation of microtubule functions. Glycylation has so far predominantly been found in motile cilia and flagella, and absence of this modification leads to ciliary disassembly. Here, we demonstrate that the correct functioning of connecting cilia of photoreceptors, which are nonmotile sensory cilia, is also dependent on glycylation. In contrast to many other tissues, only one glycylase, TTLL3, is expressed in retina. Ttll3−/− mice lack glycylation in photoreceptors, which results in shortening of connecting cilia and slow retinal degeneration. Moreover, absence of glycylation results in increased levels of tubulin glutamylation in photoreceptors, and inversely, the hyperglutamylation observed in the Purkinje cell degeneration ( pcd) mouse abolishes glycylation. This suggests that both posttranslational modifications compete for modification sites, and that unbalancing the glutamylation-glycylation equilibrium on axonemes of connecting cilia, regardless of the enzymatic mechanism, invariably leads to retinal degeneration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in the balance of tubulin glycylation and glutamylation in photoreceptors leads to retinal degeneration

Grau

Masson

Gadadhar

et al. 2017

Journal of Cell Science

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“…This process is catalyzed by enzymes of the CCP family (Kalinina et al, 2007;Kimura et al, 2010;Rodriguez de la Vega et al, 2007;Rogowski et al, 2010;Tort et al, 2014). Δ2-tubulin cannot undergo tyrosination (Paturle- Lafanechere et al, 1991;Rüdiger et al, 1994) and it has remained unclear whether the glutamate residue can be re-added to generate detyr-tubulin (Aillaud et al, 2016;Berezniuk et al, 2012).…”

Section: δ2-and δ3-tubulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tubulin code at a glance

Gadadhar

Bodakuntla

Natarajan

et al. 2017

Journal of Cell Science

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227

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Microtubules are key cytoskeletal elements of all eukaryotic cells and are assembled of evolutionarily conserved α-tubulin-β-tubulin heterodimers. Despite their uniform structure, microtubules fulfill a large diversity of functions. A regulatory mechanism to control the specialization of the microtubule cytoskeleton is the 'tubulin code', which is generated by (i) expression of different α-and β-tubulin isotypes, and by (ii) post-translational modifications of tubulin. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular components of the tubulin code, and discuss the mechanisms by which these components contribute to the generation of functionally specialized microtubules.

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“…All six selective CCPs (CCP1 [34], CCP2, CCP3 [35], CCP5 [36], CCP4 and CCP6 [37]) modify α-tubulin C-terminals by removing terminal glutamates or shortening polyglutamate chains (Table 1). Like detyrosination, Δ2-tubulin accumulates in long-lived MTs and is enriched in differentiated neurons as well as in centrioles and cilia [38].…”

Section: δ2-tubulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-translational modifications of tubulin: pathways to functional diversity of microtubules

Song

Brady

2015

Trends in Cell Biology

336

305

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Tubulin and microtubules are subject to a remarkable number of posttranslational modifications. Understanding the roles these modifications play in determining functions and properties of microtubules has presented a major challenge that is only now being met. Many of these modifications are found concurrently, leading to considerable diversity in cellular microtubules, which varies with development, differentiation, cell compartment and cell cycle. We now know that posttranslational modifications of tubulin affect not only the dynamics of the microtubules, but also their organization and interaction with other cellular components. Many early suggestions of how posttranslational modifications affect microtubules have been replaced with new ideas and even new modifications as our understanding of cellular microtubule diversity comes into focus.

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The cytosolic carboxypeptidases CCP2 and CCP3 catalyze posttranslational removal of acidic amino acids

Cited by 67 publications

References 58 publications

Alterations in the balance of tubulin glycylation and glutamylation in photoreceptors leads to retinal degeneration

Alterations in the balance of tubulin glycylation and glutamylation in photoreceptors leads to retinal degeneration

The tubulin code at a glance

Post-translational modifications of tubulin: pathways to functional diversity of microtubules

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