The Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of the Brown Algae Colpomenia sinuosa are Mediated by the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

Abstract

Brown algae are a novel resource of biogenic molecules, however few studies have been conducted in the Mediterranean to assess the cytotoxic mechanisms of algal-derived compounds. This study focuses on the antineoplastic activity of extracts from non-investigated algae of the Lebanese coast, Colpomenia sinuosa. Extracts’ antineoplastic activities were evaluated by MTT and trypan blue on different tumorigenic cells. Results indicated that the most potent extract was obtained by soxhlet using dichloromethane:methanol solvent (DM soxhlet) against HCT-116. Wound healing assay confirmed that this extract decreased the migration potential of HCT-116 cells with minimal effects on non-tumorigenic cells. It also induced an increase in the subG1 population as determined by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis demonstrated that apoptosis in treated HCT-116 cells was induced via upregulation of p21 protein and downregulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl 2, which led to caspases activation. The latter, catalyzes the degradation of PARP-1, and thus suppresses cancer proliferation. Morphological alterations, further confirmed apoptosis. A strong pro-oxidant activity evidenced by the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in HCT-116 treated cells. Interestingly, a strong antioxidant effectively blocked effect induced by the extract. These results indicate that C. sinuosa is a source of bioactive compounds possessing pro-apoptotic and anti-migratory efficacy.

In Silico Screening of Bioactive Compounds of Representative Seaweeds to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-Bound Omicron B.1.1.529 Spike Protein Trimer

“…Furthermore, increasing soluble Fas and B-cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) levels in COVID-19 patients raises the fatality rate in COVID-19 individuals [31]. However, Colpomenia sinuosa (C. sinuosa)-treated HCT-116 cells have downregulated antiapoptotic Bcl 2, which leads to caspases activation [32].…”

Fucoidan and Alginate from the Brown Algae Colpomenia sinuosa and Their Combination with Vitamin C Trigger Apoptosis in Colon Cancer

“…In our previous study, the elemental, organic composition, and phenolic content of C. sinuosa extract was determined [28]. The apoptotic effects of the crude phenol-rich extracts of this algae were then tested against colon cancer [39] without characterizing the chemical structure of the components. Considering that the polysaccharides of C sinuosa are the most abundant components [28], we hereby characterized the fucoidan and alginate polysaccharides present in this algae and studied their anticancer activity alone and in combination with vitamin C against a panel of solid tumors.…”

The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae Gelidium latifolium Extract against Melanoma Cells

“…However, Bcl2 expression was decreased by GLE treatment (Figure 5B). Several previous studies have shown that marine macroalgae extracts can alter the expression of apoptosis-related genes [59][60][61]. A previous study revealed the cytotoxic activity of various crude macroalgae extracts against MCF-10A [62]; among them are Gelidium spinosum and Gelidium pulchellum, which show very high cytotoxicity.…”