The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of metalaxy‐M on earthworms (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>)

Liu, Tong; Zhu, Lusheng; Han, Yingnan; Wang, Jinhua; Wang, Jun; Yan, Zhao

doi:10.1002/etc.2682

Cited by 39 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Malondialdehyde is considered to be the major peroxidation product of the reaction between free radicals and unsaturated fatty acids in cells . The content of MDA can indicate the level of lipid peroxidation . In the present study, [C 8 mim]Cl had little influence on the MDA content on day 7.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…The results in Table 1 show that both the [C 8 mim]Cl dose and exposure time caused extremely significant changes in all of the biomarkers of the earthworms. In addition, a significant interaction between the [C 8 mim]Cl dose and exposure time was observed, which indicated that changes in the biomarkers of the earthworms might result from the combined effects of dose and time [18]. The results from the post hoc least significant difference test after two-way ANOVA ( Table 2) revealed that a significant difference exists between the [C 8 mim]Cl treatments and the controls on the levels of ROS; activities of CAT, POD, and GST; and DNA damage.…”

Section: Two-way Anova Results For Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ROS levels were determined using the 2',7'‐dichlorofluorescin‐diacetate (DCFH‐DA) method . One earthworm from each replicate beaker was ground and homogenized in cold potassium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 7.4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical and genetic toxicity of the ionic liquid 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride on earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Guo

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Ionic liquids also known as "green solvents," are used in many fields. However, the dispersion of ionic liquids in soil systems is likely to cause damage to soil organisms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8 mim]Cl) on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). For this purpose, earthworms were exposed to different concentrations of [C8 mim]Cl (0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg artificial soil) and sampled at 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d. The results indicated that [C8 mim]Cl could cause an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in earthworms, even at the lowest concentration (5 mg/kg). Compared with the controls, during the [C8 mim]Cl exposure period, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased and then increased, whereas the activities of peroxidase (POD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased. These changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and GST indicated that [C8 mim]Cl could induce oxidative damage in earthworms. The malondialdehyde content was increased by high levels of [C8 mim]Cl at 14 d and 28 d, indicating that [C8 mim]Cl could lead to lipid peroxidation in earthworms. In addition, the degree of DNA damage significantly increased with increasing [C8 mim]Cl concentrations and exposure time. The present study shows that [C8 mim]Cl caused biochemical and genetic toxicity in earthworms.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Two-way Anova Results For Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical and genetic toxicity of the ionic liquid 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride on earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Guo

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…5). Catalase activity may increase when earthworms are subjected to mild stress, but generally, it decreases under severe stress (Liu et al 2014). This explains the trend in CAT activity observed in non-biochar-amended substrates.…”

Section: Catalasementioning

confidence: 95%

Reproduction and biomarker responses of Eisenia fetida after exposure to imidacloprid in biochar-amended soil

Nyoka

Ogbeide

Otomo

2021

Biochar

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Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are increasingly threatened by pesticide pollution resulting from extensive use of pesticides, and due to the lack of regulatory measures in the developing world, there is a need for affordable means to lessen environmental effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of biochar amendment on the toxicity of imidacloprid to life-cycle parameters and biomarker responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. E. fetida was exposed to 10% biochar-amended and non-amended OECD artificial soils spiked with 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3 mg imidacloprid/kg for 28 days. An LC50 of 2.7 mg/kg was only computed in the non-amended soil but not in the biochar-amended soil due to insignificant mortality. The EC50 calculated in the non-amended soil (0.92 mg/kg) for reproduction (fertility) was lower than the one computed in the biochar amended (0.98 mg/kg), indicating a decrease in toxicity in the biochar-amended substrate. Significant weight loss was observed at the two highest imidacloprid treatments in the non-amended soil and only at the highest treatment in the biochar-amended substrate, further highlighting the beneficial effects of biochar. Catalase activity decreased significantly at the two highest concentrations of non-amended soil. Yet, in the amended soil, the activity remained high, especially in the highest concentration, where it was significantly higher than the controls. This indicated more severe oxidative stress in the absence of biochar. In all non-amended treatments, there was a significant acetylcholinesterase inhibition, while lower inhibition percentages were observed in the biochar-amended soil. In most endpoints, the addition of biochar alleviated the toxic effects of imidacloprid, which shows that biochar has the potential to be useful in soil remediation. However, there is still a need for field studies to identify the most effective application rate of biochar for land application.

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“…Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between the generation and removal of ROS by the antioxidant system defense. 30 According to the previous study, the hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were the most effective ROS. 31 The ability of inhibition of hydroxyl radicals (IHR) was used to measure the •OH content indirectly, which account for the oxidative stress stemmed from pollutants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single and combined effects of carbamazepine and copper on nervous and antioxidant systems of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Jia

et al. 2020

Environmental Toxicology

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Various pollutants co‐exist in the aquatic environment such as carbamazepine (CBZ) and copper (Cu), which can cause complex effects on inhabiting organisms. The toxic impacts of the single substance have been studied extensively. However, the studies about their combined adverse impacts are not enough. In the present study, zebrafish were exposed to environmental relevant concentrations of CBZ (1, 10, and 100 μg/L), Cu (0.5, 5, and 10 μg/L) and the mixtures (1 μg/L CBZ + 0.5 μg/L Cu, 10 μg/L CBZ + 5 μg/L Cu, 100 μg/L CBZ + 10 μg/L Cu) for 45 days, the effects on nervous and antioxidant systems of zebrafish were investigated. The results demonstrated that, in comparison with single exposure group, the combined presence of CBZ and Cu exacerbated the effect of antioxidant system (the ability of inhibition of hydroxyl radicals (IHR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST)) but not nervous system (Acetylcholinesterase [AChE]). The qPCR results supported the changes of corresponding enzymes activities. Hepatic histopathological analysis verified the results of biomarkers. Our work illustrated that the toxicity of mixed pollutants is very complicated, which cannot simply be inferred from the toxicity of single pollutant, and calls for more co‐exposure experiments to better understanding of the co‐effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms.

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The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of metalaxy‐M on earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Cited by 39 publications

References 42 publications

Biochemical and genetic toxicity of the ionic liquid 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride on earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Biochemical and genetic toxicity of the ionic liquid 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride on earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Reproduction and biomarker responses of Eisenia fetida after exposure to imidacloprid in biochar-amended soil

Single and combined effects of carbamazepine and copper on nervous and antioxidant systems of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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