The Cytotrophoblast Layer of Human Chorionic Villi Becomes Thinner but Maintains Its Structural Integrity During Gestation1

Mori, Miki; Ishikawa, Gen; Luo, Shan-Shun; Mishima, Taketoshi; Goto, Tadashi; Robinson, John M.; Matsubara, Shigeki; Takeshita, Toshiyuki; Kataoka, Hiroaki; Tajima, Toshihiro

doi:10.1095/biolreprod.106.056127

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Such damage might occur in the presence of a second infectious agent or due to physical trauma. The effects may also depend on the placenta's gestational age, as the layer of subsyncytial cytotrophoblasts undergirding the syncytiotrophoblast grows thinner and partially discontinuous after the first trimester (37,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Barriers of the Human Placenta to Infection with Toxoplasma gondii

et al. 2012

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Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous, obligate intracellular parasite capable of crossing the placenta to cause spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, or significant disease in the surviving neonate. Exploration of the cellular and histological components of the placental barrier is in its infancy, and both how and where T. gondii breaches it are unknown. The human placenta presents two anatomical interfaces between maternal cells and fetal cells (trophoblasts): (i) the villous region where maternal blood bathes syncytialized trophoblasts for nutrient exchange and (ii) the maternal decidua, where mononuclear, extravillous trophoblasts anchor the villous region to the uterus. Using first-trimester human placental explants, we demonstrate that the latter site is significantly more vulnerable to infection, despite presenting a vastly smaller surface. This is consistent with past findings concerning two vertically transmitted viruses and one bacterium. We further explore whether three genetically distinct T. gondii types (I, II, and III) are capable of preferential placental infection and survival in this model. We find no difference in these strains' ability to infect placental explants; however, slightly slower growth is evident in type II (Prugniaud [Pru]) parasites relative to other cell types, although this did not quite achieve statistical significance.T oxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasite of human and veterinary medical importance. This obligate, intracellular protozoan undergoes the sexual portion of its life cycle in cats, the sole definitive host; it also has an asexual life cycle in a broad range of warm-blooded intermediate hosts, most significantly rodents, livestock, and humans. The main modes of transmission are therefore ingestion of oocysts shed in cat feces or of tissue cysts in undercooked meat from intermediate hosts. T. gondii is capable of crossing the blood-brain, blood-ocular, and maternal-fetal barriers. Thus, the vertical route from mother to fetus represents an additional mode of transmission. Fetal infection can cause spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, or significant neurological and ocular sequelae in the surviving offspring.Primary maternal infection during pregnancy is responsible for almost all fetal infection and its frequency depends on human seroprevalence rates that range from ϳ10 to 80% across nations (53). Prenatal testing for toxoplasmosis is routinely offered in many European countries, and drug therapy with spiramycin is prescribed after the diagnosis of maternal infection in order to prevent mother-to-child transmission (19). However, whether prenatal treatment has any effect on vertical transmission is unclear from the results of a systematic review of cohort studies because of numerous biases in the way these studies were designed (65). Randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to obtain evidence for the benefit of prenatal treatment.The mechanisms by which T. gondii infects the placenta and crosses from mother to fetus are poorly understood and experimentally co...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Barriers of the Human Placenta to Infection with Toxoplasma gondii

et al. 2012

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“…LOX-1 staining in Figure 3 of their report (Lee et al 2005), however, seems to localize in the cytotrophoblast layer. In a recent study, Mori et al (2007) reported that the cytotrophoblast layer in the term placenta becomes thinner by spreading their cell surface over the basal lamina, and 80% of its continuity is still preserved. Our data of LOX-1 localization in term placenta support their observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and Localization of Lectin-like Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 (LOX-1) in Murine and Human Placentas

Satoh

Kiyota

Terasaki

et al. 2008

J Histochem Cytochem.

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(TS) S U M M A R Y Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is one of the scavenger receptors that recognizes oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a major ligand. The placenta is a major source of prooxidant during pregnancy, and the level of placental oxidative stress increases rapidly at the end of the first trimester and tapers off later in gestation. In our study, we evaluated placental expression of LOX-1 during different gestational stages in mice and humans. We used immunohistochemistry and ISH to identify LOX-1-expressing cells in murine and human placentas. In both species, higher expression of LOX-1 mRNA during early to midgestational stages compared with late gestationcorresponding to the increased oxidative stress in early pregnancy-was shown by real-time RT-PCR. In murine placenta, we showed that LOX-1-expressing cells were fibroblast-like stromal cells in metrial glands and decidua basalis and that they were glycogen trophoblast cells in the junctional and labyrinth zones. In the human, LOX-1 expression was detected in villous cytotrophoblasts in both first trimester and term placentas. These localization patterns of LOX-1 in murine and human placentas suggest the possible involvement of LOX-1 in high oxidative stress conditions of pregnancy. (J Histochem Cytochem 56:773-784, 2008)

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“…8 Recently, it was proposed by Mori et al that the cytotrophoblast layer of chorion villi becomes thinner during gestation, resulting in a gradual over-representation of the mesenchymal lineage. 17 Since in case 1 we found that the CVS in the 21 st week of gestation displayed MLPA results representative of the cytotrophoblast lineage, we could not confirm this latter notion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Detection of Chromosome Aneuploidies in Chorionic Villus Samples by Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification

Kooper

Faas

Feuth

et al. 2009

The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics

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The objective of this study was to examine the suitability of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in chorionic villus samples as a replacement for traditional karyotyping for the detection of (an)euploidies of chromosomes 21 , 18 , 13, X, and Y. Chorionic villus samples were diagnosed by traditional karyotyping using short-term cultures (STC) and long-term cultures (LTC) , and by MLPA using kit P095. DNA was extracted after digestion of whole villi with proteinase K and/or trypsin and collagenase. Different cell-dissociation procedures were tested to obtain MLPA results representative of the cytotrophoblast layer and the mesenchymal core. Over 95% of the MLPA results were in concordance with the traditional karyotyping of STC and LTC. Traditional karyotyping revealed seven mosaics. After digestion of whole villi with proteinase K , only abnormal cell lines confined to the STC gave rise to abnormal MLPA results. In one sample , the complete discrepancy between STC and LTC was resolved after enzymatic dissociation of cells from the cytotrophoblast layer and the mesenchymal core. MLPA in chorionic villus samples was found to be a reliable test for the detection of (an)euploidies of chromosomes 21, 18 , 13 , X , and Y. Whole villi digestion with proteinase K resulted in the over-representation of cytotrophoblasts in the DNA pool. To obtain MLPA results representative for STC and LTC , enzymatic dissociation of cells from the cytotrophoblast layer and mesenchymal core is

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The Cytotrophoblast Layer of Human Chorionic Villi Becomes Thinner but Maintains Its Structural Integrity During Gestation1

Cited by 51 publications

References 39 publications

Tissue Barriers of the Human Placenta to Infection with Toxoplasma gondii

Tissue Barriers of the Human Placenta to Infection with Toxoplasma gondii

Expression and Localization of Lectin-like Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 (LOX-1) in Murine and Human Placentas

Detection of Chromosome Aneuploidies in Chorionic Villus Samples by Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification

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